Asphalt BY: Scott

What is asphalt Asphalt or also known as Bitumen is a substance found mainly in tar pits. Asphalt is obtained the most commercially from petroleum. Some asphalt occurs naturally in the Oil Sands in Alberta Canada, as well, it occurs in the Dead Sea.

Chemical compound . The chemical compound consists of Saturates. Napthene aromatics, There is also polar aromatics mainly phenols and Carboxylic acids. Asphaltenes are part of Asphalt mainly H, C, N, O bonds. The Asphaltene have phenols and heterocyclic compounds. The majority of it is Napthene aromatics but it also contains organosulfur compounds of up to 4%. There is trace amounts of Nickel & Vanadium.

What do the chemical parts do Part Name Fuction Saturates The % of saturates relates to softness of asphalt Napthene aromatics used to improve curing and stability. Asphaltene colored and black parts of the asphalt. organosulfur compounds Up to 4 % giving it its smell

Uses of asphalt/Bitumen Asphalt is used for many things: 1. Roads ( Asphalt concrete) 2. Roofing shingles 3. Synthetic crude oil 4. Also many types of plastics

There are two types of mixes used Hot mix and Cold Mix. Asphalt concrete Hot mix Used for more common roads with the aggregate is heated before mixing. For hot mix there are two ways it can be mixed Drum mix and batch mix. Cold Mix Used for light to medium traffic, patches in roads and remote locations.

Shingles The base is then covered with Slate,Schist,qwartz etc. The back is then covered with Talc or mica to prevent them from sticking to each other in transport. Shingles Made from a organic base or a fiberglass base. Once the base is chosen Asphalt is applied to one or both sides of the base.

Synthetic crude oil The oil is then fed to a upgrader which converts it to light crude oil. The oil sands are mined with big trucks then transported to facilities. The mined oil sands are then heated to remove the sand from the oil. The oil is then sent through pipelines to refineries to create other products like gasoline and petrochemicals.

Environmental concerns Oil sands mining companies are licensed to withdraw 5.9e8 cubic meters of water. The water used cant be returned to the water systems The oil sands development are heavy CO2 producers. From 62 to 164kg CO2 per barrel is produced. This makes them one of the most carbon intensive fuel sources The waste water is placed in tailings which are increasing. No tailings have been reclaimed to this date. By 2040 the tailings are expected to cover a area nearly the size of Vancouver.

Sources Asphalt Cement. (n.d.). Retrieved June 01, 2017, from http://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Asphalt-Cement.html Synthetic crude. (2017, May 28). Retrieved May 31, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_crude Environmental Impacts of Oil Sands Development in Alberta. (2009, September 21). Retrieved May 31, 2017, from http://www.resilience.org/stories/2009-09-22/environmental-impacts-oil-sands-development-alberta/ Asphalt shingle. (2017, May 28). Retrieved June 01, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt_shingle Asphalt concrete. (2017, May 30). Retrieved June 01, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt_concrete Asphalt. (2017, May 28). Retrieved June 01, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt