Performance Evaluation of OSPF and IS-IS Routing Protocols using Dual-Stack Mechanism

ABSTRACT Problem Statement: The Aim Of This Dissertation Is To Investigate, Evaluate the Performance of Two Most Popular Link-state Routing Protocols(OSPF & IS-IS) When Configured In IPv4/IPv6 Dual-stack Enterprise Networks.

Continued .... The aim of the work was to provide proof-based advice for selecting the protocol that offers optimal performance in business enterprise networks. With Respect To Several Performance Metrics: (1) Jitter (2) Packet End To End Delay, (3) Throughput Simulation Tool Used: Opnet Modeler 16.0

Thesis Aims and Objective 1.) Firstly Discuss In More Detail The Dual Stack Over An IP Network And The Possible Subservices Offered With The Required Qos. 2.) Thesis Aims To Provide Tangible Performance analyzing Results - Regarding Network Metrics: 1.) Throughput 2.) End-to-end Delay 3.) Jitter This Will Be Achieved By Simulating OSPF And IS-IS Function On a Dual-stack Enterprise Network By Using Network Simulation Software.

Continued .... 3.) Design Proposed Model For Dual-stack Enterprise Network Using The OPNET 16.0 Network Simulator. Comparing And Analyzing Its Performance Has Been Tried Under Various Scenarios, Including Well Accepted Models By Dual-stack Enterprise Network Applying Different Mechanisms.

IPv4-IPv6 Dual Stack Support IPv4 only Support dual IPv4 and IPv6 - In Dual Stack, Both protocols IPv4 and IPv6 run parallel on an equivalent network infrastructure don’t need encapsulation of IPv6 inside IPv4 and vice versa

Dual – Stack…. Advantages Simple Easy to understand and Disadvantages configure Inexpensive Scalable Lower packet-loss rates Higher throughput rates . Direct communication between nodes . Recommended solution . Disadvantages Need for IPv4 addresses on every node. Extra address advertisement to DNS. More CPU-memory overhead.

Dual-Stack Router Structure and Function A dual-stack router holds both IPv4 and IPv6 routing tables which are used according to the IP version that the router is about to forward.

Open Shortest Path First (RFC 1247) Link state routing protocol that was developed by IETF in 1987 Interior routing protocol, its domain is also an autonomous system Special routers (autonomous system boundary routers) or backbone routers responsible to dissipate information about other AS into the current system. Divides an AS into areas Error Handing Capability Fast & loop less convergence

OSPF (type of links)

IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System Routing Protocol) It is also a link-state routing protocol with several similarities with OSPF protocol, such as the use of the same SPF algorithm. It was defined by ISO (International Organization for Standardization) IS-IS is based on the primer OSI (Open System Interconnection) reference model. It provides rapid Convergence when a topology changes. Minimizes the routes and reduces the size of routing table. Low bandwidth utilization Multiple routes are supported

Simple IS-IS Network

Simulation Scenario

Literature Review A. Basu et al., studies the stability of the OSPF protocol under steady state and with interferences. In this study we will see what effects are given by the TE (Traffic Engineering) extensions on the stability of a network when OSPF is running. OSPF TE extensions provide mechanisms for ensuring that all network nodes have a consistent view of the traffic parameters associated with the network. The authors also analyze whether it is possible to accelerate the convergence time of the network, analyzing the Hello packets and the number of route flaps. B. Albrightson et al. They explain that EIGRP is a protocol based on a hybrid routing algorithm, sharing some properties of distance vector and link state algorithms. This protocol is the first Internet protocol that addressed the loop problem. Other aspects which shows are the type of metrics, the transport mechanisms and the methods used to discover the networks, among other features.

Continued……… D. Pei et al. show the design and development of a method for detecting RIP routing updates. Specifically, RIP-TP protocol is presented. It uses hop count as routing metric. The authors emphasize its efficiency, simplicity, low operating cost and compatibility with the standard RIP. In order to assess the design efficiency, they show a series of experimental simulations to demonstrate that it is possible the improvement of fault detection in routing protocols. They particularize these evidences with RIP.

IPv4 Throughput (TCP Traffic)

OSPF IPv4 Clients End-to-End Delay (TCP Traffic)

IS-IS IPv4 Clients End-to-End Delay (TCP Traffic)

OSPF IPv4 Clients End-to-End Delay Variation (TCP Traffic)

IS-IS IPv4 Clients End-to-End Delay Variation (TCP Traffic)

conclusion IS-IS dominated over OSPF on both TCP and UDP traffic experiments. IS-IS achieved 58% higher throughput for IPV6 clients. In terms of end to end delay, jitter, OSPF and IS-IS seems almost equally effective for IPV4 and IPV6, TCP & UDP. At last OSPF performs slightly better for TCP traffic and IS-IS perform slightly better for UDP traffic.

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Continued ..... [8] Heping Hou, Qin Zhao and Yan Ma (2010) ‘Design and implementation of a solution to smooth IPv6 transition’, Advanced Intelligence and Awareness Internet 2010 International Conference, Beijing, China, pp. 157 – 161 [9] Huitema. C (2001) ‘An Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers’, IETF RFC: 3086 [10] Joseph Davies (2013), ‘Understanding IPv6’, Microsoft Press, Third Edition [11] Chakraborty, K., Dutta, N. and Biradar, S.R. (2009) ‘Simulation of IPv4-to-IPv6 Dual Stack Transition Mechanism (DSTM) between IPv4 hosts in integrated IPv6/IPv4 network’, Computers and Devices for Communication, 2009. CODEC 2009. 4th International Conference, Kolkata, pp. 1 – 4 [12] Rick Graziani (2013) ‘IPv6 Fundamentals: A Straightforward Approach to Understanding IPv6’, Cisco Press, First Edition [13] Shirasaki. Y, Miyakawa. S, Yamasaki. T and Takenouchi. A (2005) ‘A Model of IPv6/IPv4 Dual Stack Internet Access Service’, IETF RFC: 4241

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