Manifest Destiny Westward Expansion Atlantic to Pacific-sea to shining sea West East Texas History Chapter 15 Map of United States from 1830

What is “Manifest Destiny”? Belief that the U.S. should expand its territory from coast to coast or sea to shining sea Atlantic Ocean-east Pacific Ocean- west

U.S. Territorial Expansion Year Acquired? 1 – Original 13 Colonies 1776 Prior Owner? Great Britain How Acquired? 1 U.S. declared independence from Great Britain

U.S. Territorial Expansion Year Acquired? 2 – Western Lands 1783 Prior Owner? Great Britain How Acquired? Treaty of Paris (ended American Revolution) 1 2

U.S. Territorial Expansion Year Acquired? 3 - Louisiana Purchase 1803 Prior Owner? France How Acquired? Napoleon needed $ Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans Purchased entire Louisiana Territory 1 3 2

U.S. Territorial Expansion Year Acquired? 4 – Florida Cession 1819 Prior Owner? Spain How Acquired? Andrew Jackson invaded Spain then sold it to U.S. for $5 million (as part of Adams-Onis Treaty 1 3 2 4

Thinking Question (don’t write this down!! Just think!) Why weren’t Americans happy with the size of their country at this point in their history?

Mr. Manifest Destiny James K. Polk Elected President in 1844 Added more territory to the U.S. (by any means) than any other President Died 103 days after his single term ended

US Territorial Expansion Year Acquired? 5 – Texas Annexation 1845 Prior Owner? Republic of Texas How Acquired? Texas independent from Mexico in 1836 Northerners feared it would become a slave state Polk favored annexation…Congress voted and approved 1 3 2 5 4

US Territorial Expansion Year Acquired? 6 - Oregon Territory 1846 Prior Owner? Great Britain How Acquired? Claimed by four countries (Great Britain, Russia, Spain, & U.S.) Americans demanded “54° 40’ or fight!” Britain compromised 49° & U.S. accepted via Treaty of 1846 6 1 3 2 5 4

U.S. Territorial Expansion Year Acquired? 7 - Mexican Cession 1848 Prior Owner? Mexico How Acquired? Polk offers to buy area #7 from Mexico. No deal! Mexican War! U.S. wins In Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, U.S. gives $15 million for area #7 6 1 3 2 7 5 4

Discussion Question (Don’t write!! Just think!) Why does the U.S. keep offering countries money for territories we gain through war (Example Florida and Mexico)?

Last Part of the Puzzle in U.S. Expansion Year Acquired? 1853 Prior Owner? Mexico 8 How Acquired? Congress approved Purchased to build southerly route for transcontinental railroad $10 million-size of Scotland Gadsden Purchase

Westward Expansion! America expands west!

Think about it… If your family was moving across to country to a place where there was NOTHING in the place where you were moving…no houses or stores or anything…what ten things would you definitely pack and why? What qualities do you think a pioneer should have? List three and explain.

Before and after…

Where did they go? Most pioneers left their homes in the east and headed westward to the Great Plains in the west The Great Plains is a huge area of grassland between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains

Why move west? Rumors of gold! Free land! Adventure and escape! Thousands moved west to California to mine for gold. Gold Fever! California Gold Rush! 49ers! Free land! Homestead Act: To those who were eligible, the U.S. gave 160 acres of land. 21 year old heads of households who agreed to build on and care for the land Adventure and escape! Many moved simply to experience adventure and/or to escape from situations that they didn’t care for

How did they travel? Wagons! Most families packed up their valuables and their necessities in a covered wagon Groups of wagons called “wagon trains” often traveled together Family members took turns riding in wagons and walking beside the wagons Captains often led these “trains”

What dangers did they face? Lack of food, water, and shelter Lack of protection from the weather (floods, storms) Lack of medical care Exposure to Native Americans who felt threatened by the presence of settlers Conflict with other settlers- they sometimes were competing for the same land and resources (water, animals, trees). Sometimes small “range wars” broke out. These were feuds between neighboring settlers.

What was life like on the prairie? Many arrived to find huge empty areas of land Built homes (log or sod houses) Found sources of water and food…some lived near creeks or rivers while others had to make windmills to pump water out of the ground Many were miles from their nearest neighbors or trading posts…lonely Harsh weather that they weren’t used to Different soil for raising crops and animals

From a prairie woman… “It might seem a cheerless life, but there were many compensations: the thrill of conquering a new country; the wonderful atmosphere; the attraction of the prairie, which simply gets into your blood and makes you dissatisfied away from it…The pioneer spirit was continuous in our family”

A sad part of history… Many Native Americans were unfairly driven from the lands that they’d lived on for many, many years because the U.S. government claimed it. They were forced to move to reservations. Herds of wild bison became nearly extinct as settlers began to use them as sources of food and shelter

Eventually… So many pioneers traveled west that… Small cities and towns popped up in the west Many families grew as they lived in the west Immigrants moved into the west These westward areas were eventually added as states which are much more populated today

More info… Watch the BrainPop on this topic! Visit these sites! http://www.thecaliforniatrail.com/gowest/ http://www.kidinfo.com/american_history/pioneers.html http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/ http://www.americanwest.com/ http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/owfrm.htm Pioneer Life: http://library.thinkquest.org/J001587/