The Jefferson Era 1800-1816

In what ways did Jefferson and the Republicans limit the powers of the government? How did the Louisiana Purchase affect the nation’s economy and politics?

The Election of 1800 Adams vs. Jefferson Jefferson and his running mate, Aaron Burr tied. -Hamilton convinced the House to choose Jefferson over Burr. -12th Amendment - electors vote on separate ballots

The Republicans Take Power Democratic-Republicans and Jefferson believed in: -Small Government - cut over 100 jobs, reduced military, reduced internal taxes -States’ Rights - better protect freedom -laissez-faire - let the people do as they choose Jefferson believed in an “Agrarian Utopia” for America. Why? What would America need in order for this to happen?

Marbury v. Madison This court case established the concept of Judicial Review (the idea that the Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional) It was based on what’s called Marshall’s Syllogism (a three step reasoning): The courts interpret the law The Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land The Supreme Court can interpret the Supreme Law

In what ways did Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans limit the powers of the government? He cut all internal taxes - like the whiskey tax. 2. Reduced the size of the military. 3. cut over 100 Government jobs - shrinking the gov. In what way did the Judicial Branch gain power during Jefferson’s presidency? They gained the power of Judicial Review (declare things unconstitutional)

Revolution in Haiti Napoleon Bonaparte, the Emperor of France, had dreams of a new American Empire. His plan was to use Santo Domingo (Haiti) as a naval base to create that empire However, the slaves on Haiti led by Toussaint- Louverture overthrew the French rulers and took control of the island. This ended Napoleon’s American Empire plan

Louisiana Purchase To fulfill his “Agrarian Society” Dream Jefferson needed two things: Lots of land Access to the Mississippi River (for farmers to easily sell/transport goods) Jefferson sent representatives to offer to buy New Orleans and West Florida for ten million dollars Napoleon no longer had any use for all of the Louisiana Territory, so he offered to sell the entire territory for fifteen million dollars! This purchase doubled the size of the United States, and the land was roughly three cents an acre.

Secession Troubles Many Federalists did not like the Louisiana Purchase. What fears might they have had? Due to these fears, a group of Federalists planned to secede from the Union and become the “Northern Confederacy” They realized that for this to be successful they needed New York on board, so they turned to Aaron Burr (who had been abandoned by the Democratic-Republicans)

The Duel Hamilton did not support this Federalist plan and accused Burr of treason and treachery When Burr lost the election he blamed Hamilton and challenged him to a duel Hamilton pledged to throw away his shot, but Burr shot Hamilton between the ribs

How did the Louisiana Purchase affect the nation’s economy and politics? Ways it Affected the Economy It secured the Mississippi River and the Port of New Orleans. cheap land for farming encouraged Westward settlement Ways it affected Politics Gave more power to president Federalists worried about losing power, Talked about Seceding.