Welcome! 7th Grade Life Science Milestone Night

2017 Goals: Improve reading scores measured through Lexile testing and the ELA Milestone Master the state standards for science which will be measured using the End-of-Year final at the end of May (15% of grade)

End-of-Year Test for Science (End of May): Test counts 15% of overall grade Test Questions Interdependence of life (Food webs, Biomes, Ecology)- 50% Cells, Human Body Organ Systems, Genetics- 35% Evolution- 15%

Scientific Method: Ch. 1 pg.6 Key terms: observation, inference, hypothesis, variables, manipulated variable, responding variable, conclusion, controlled experiment Look at the graph above. What can you infer about the rate at which bird species have become extinct in the last 400 years? Look at the graph above. What can you infer about the rate at which bird species have become extinct in the last 400 years?

Chapter 2 Cells/Genetics: 35% of test Plant/Animal Cell (pg 68-69) Be able to identify organelles and their functions (analogies); Compare/contrast cells. Mitochondria Nucleus Chloroplasts Lysosome Ribosome Cell wall Cell Membrane Vacuole Endoplasmic Reticulum

Plant Cell Animal Cell

Chapter 2 and 4 Diffusion (pf 90) / Passive & Active transport (pg 92) Photosynthesis (pg 94-97) Cell respiration (pg 94-97)

Cell Respiration- making energy by using oxygen to break down food. An analogy can be drawn between the process of cellular respiration in our cells and a car. The mitochondria are the engines of our cells where sugar is burned for fuel and the exhaust is CO2 and H2O. Note that in a car that burned fuel perfectly, the only exhaust should theoretically be CO2 and H2O also.

Chapter 5 Alleles/Genes (pg 120) Dominant & Recessive (pg 117) Punnett Squares/Percentages (pg 121) T-Tall t- short *Must be able to calculate % for each phenotype or trait. Phenotype & Genotype (pg 120-121) Key Terms: Homozygous, Heterozygous, Purebred, Hybrid

Chapter 6 Chromosomes (pg 126-132) How many does each sex cell have? (pg 131) What does a chromosome look like? (126) Protein Synthesis-How do chromosomes determine what proteins are made? (pg 144-155) Nitrogen Bases: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine (pg 144)

Chapter 6 Selecting desired traits: (p 132) Selective breeding Hybridization Genetic Engineering Cloning

Chapter 7 and 8 Evolution: 15% Species Adaptations Evolution – How do organisms evolve due to natural selection? How do new organisms form (p 182-183) Fossils (pg 194) – How and where do they form? Evidence of evolution: Homologous structures, DNA (p 204-211) Pgs 166-167

Chapter 18 Ecology (Biomes/Food Webs/Symbiotic Relationships): 50% of Test Understand the importance of habitat for an organism and adaptations (p 492-493) Distinguish between abiotic and biotic factors (p 480-481) Be familiar with competition, predation and symbiosis (p 492-496) Know several examples of each type of symbiosis (mutualism pg 494, commensalism pg 494 and parasitism pg 495)

Chapter 18 Interdependence of Life: 50% Energy roles in an ecosystem (p 484-487) Producers Consumers (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary) Decomposers Know importance of the sun. Food web (p 486) Energy pyramid (p 487) Be able to identify a food chain and cause/effect if an organism is removed from an ecosystem

Chapter 20 Ecology/Biomes: 50% of test Know the biome characteristics (Temp. in Celsius/Precipitation in cm) and how plant/animals are adapted to live in those environments (p 526-543) Rain forests - Boreal forests Deserts - Tundra Grasslands - Deciduous forests Freshwater - Mountains & Ice Marine

Chapters 22-27 Cells and Genetics: 35% Many celled organisms build in progression from basic to complex – cell, tissue, organ, organ system (p 580-583) Types of tissue (p 580-581, Figure 1) Muscle, nerve, connective and epithelial Homeostasis – students must know how human body systems work together in order to keep our body conditions stable (p 580)

Cellular Organization Organ Systems Organs Tissues Cells

Chapter 22 Skeletal & Integumentary Systems 5 functions of the skeletal system (p 584, Figure 1) Functions of the skin (p 592) Retain water Protection from elements

Chapter 23 Respiratory System Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide as they enter and leave the bloodstream; relation to the respiratory system and circulatory system (pg. 620-623) Function of oxygen in cell respiration (pg 622)

Chapter 23 Cardiovascular System Functions of the cardiovascular system (p 606-609); understand transport system of food and oxygen – relation to digestive and respiratory systems Know how blood flows through the body: Body Heart Lungs Heart Body Know functions of: Red blood cells White blood cells Blood vessels: arteries, veins, capillaries

Chapter 27 Immune System Immune system – function of white blood cells (714-717) What is an antibiotic? (pg 712) What is a vaccine? (pg 712)

Chapter 24 Digestive System Know the functions of the digestive system and its parts (p 634-640) Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine (liver and pancreas) Large intestine