Heater-Treater Units Heater-Treater Units PTRT xxxx Chapter xx Source: xx 1

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters The heater-treaters is an essential piece of equipment in the production process of oil and gas The principal purpose of the heater-treater is to break up wellstream emulsions, separating the crude oil from water and other foreign materials Gas is liberated prior to the filtering and settling sections, allowing liquid and sediment separation without the agitation of gas breaking out of the liquid The are two principal variations of heater-treaters - vertical type - horizontal type x x 2

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treater Requirements Specifications The selection of the type of heater-treater requires knowledge of best estimates of certain criteria - operating pressure - production rate in bbl/day - water rate in bbl/day - flowing temperature - API gravity of the oil - sour gas content - carbon dioxide content x x 3

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters – Vertical Type The vertical heater-treater is the most commonly used type in single-well operations The vertical heater-treater consists of three major sections: - gas separation, - FWKO - heating section. x x 4

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treater - Vertical x Emulsion of oil, gas and water from the well entering the heater-treater Gas from the emulsion separates and is removed Oil and water from the emulsion moving down the downcomer to the heated section Gas released from the emulsion is used to power the heater Heat breaks the emulsion into coalesced larger droplets of oil that separate from the water and migrate to the top of the treater tank Water is removed Heater x Treated oil is removed to the separator x 5

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters Flow enters the top of the treater into a gas separation section, oil and water travel down through the downcommer to the heated section The heat breaks the emulsion which results into forming larger droplets until they start settling downward to the water section. At that point clean oil at the top of the heated section spills over and out of the vessel and water is removed through an external adjustable water leg controlled by a head pressure operated dump valve. x x 6

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treater Features Gas separation section designed to “thin film” entering emulsion for quick gas break out Immersed downcomer piping from gas separation section to emulsion spreader serves as an effective heat exchanger to preheat incoming emulsion and cool the clean oil Deep Freewater Knockout sections below the firebox provides isolation and draws off free water, thereby avoiding unnecessary heating of water and conserving fuel. Hot water wash heating method reduces foaming tendencies and prolongs firebox life. x 7

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treater Features Emulsion spreader rapidly breaks the emulsion and oil into small streamlets for rapid heat transfer by the hot water washing method and assuring minimum fuel consumption High capacity firebox furnishes abundant heat and quick response to thermostatically controlled demand. Quick adjustable outside water siphon provides easy interface control over a wide range of water and oil specific gravities Adequate surge volume in the clean oil section relieves heading overload in gas separation section eliminating the possibility of liquid carry-over with the gas. x 8

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treater Features Cool underside of the diaphragm plate between the gas separation section and the settling section condenses vapors released in the heating gas that can be recovered in the stock tank product. Mixing of hot vapors with cool incoming gas in the gas separation section condenses additional recoverable vapors for additional product volume and gravity conservation. The coalescing properties, of a filter section are not required. x x 9

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters – Horizontal Model The horizontal treater can handle large amounts of emulsion by utilizing a long “U” shaped firetube. This firetube has greater heating capacity, thereby allowing a higher treating rate. The large horizontal interface area in the settling section allows for more efficient separation of emulsion and gas release. Horizontal treaters must operate under pressure to boost oil to storage tanks x x 10

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters – Horizontal Type x 11 Inlet for Oil, Water, and Gas x 11

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x 12 Inlet for Oil, Water, and Gas x 12

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x A Inlet for Oil, Water, and Gas G (2) overall Collector Pipes B Shroud for Treated Oil C Free Water Knock-Out Section H Collector Pipes & Outlet Distributor Contains Oil and Water I May Section D Down Comer from F.W.K.O J Treated Oil Outlet Section into the Shroud K Treated Water Outlet E Firetube L Gas Outlet F Baffle Heat or Fire Treated Water Gas Treated Oil Emulsion Heater Treaters x 13

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x A Inlet for Oil, Water, and Gas G (2) overall Collector Pipes B Shroud for Treated Oil C Free Water Knock-Out Section H Collector Pipes & Outlet Distributor Contains Oil and Water I May Section D Down Comer from F.W.K.O J Treated Oil Outlet Section into the Shroud K Treated Water Outlet E Firetube L Gas Outlet F Baffle Heat or Fire Treated Water Gas Treated Oil Emulsion Heater Treaters x 14

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters Features x Gas separation section designed to “thin film” entering emulsion for quick gas break out. Immersed downcomer piping from gas separation section to emulsion spreader serves as an effective heat exchanger to preheat incoming emulsion and cool the clean oil. Deep Freewater Knockout sections below the firebox provides isolation and draw off free water, thereby avoiding unnecessary heating of water and conserving fuel. Emulsion spreader rapidly breaks the emulsion and oil into small streamlets for rapid heat transfer by the hot water washing method and assuring minimum fuel consumption. Hot water wash heating method reduces foaming tendencies and prolongs firebox life. High capacity firebox furnishes abundant heat and quick response to thermostatically controlled demand. Quick adjustable outside water siphon provides easy interface control over a wide range of water and oil specific gravities. Adequate surge volume in the clean oil section relieves heading overload in gas separation section eliminating the possibility of liquid carry-over with the gas. Cool underside of the diaphragm plate between the gas separation section and the settling section condenses vapors released in the heating gas that can be recovered in the stock tank product. Mixing of hot vapors with cool incoming gas in the gas separation section condenses additional recoverable vapors for additional product volume and gravity conservation. The coalescing properties, of a filter section are not required. x x 15

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x x 16

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x x 17

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x x 18

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x x 19

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x x 20

Heater-Treater Units Separators x x 21

Heater-Treater Units Separators x x 22

Heater-Treater Units Separator x x 23

Heater-Treater Units Separators x x 24

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x x 25

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x x 26

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x x 27

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x x 28

Heater-Treater Units Natural Gas and Sand Separator x x 29

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x x 30

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x x 31

Heater-Treater Units Natual Gas Processing Schematic x x 32

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x Look at these wonderful unions 33

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x x 34

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x x 35

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x x 36

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x x 37

Heater-Treater Units Natural Gas Separators x x 38

Heater-Treater Units Heater Treaters x x 39