IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 October 9, 2009 DRILL : A man lived one-fourth of his life as a boy in Baltimore, one-fifth of his life as a young man in Youngstown, one-third of his life as a man in Manitoba, and the last thirteen years of his life in Thurmont. How old was the man when he died? Write down your answer.

DRILL: ALGEBRAIC SOLUTION IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 DRILL: ALGEBRAIC SOLUTION Define the unknowns: X = man’s total age. X/4 = years as a boy X/5 = years as a youth X/3 = years as a man 13 = years in Thurmont Write an equation: X = X/4 + X/5 + X/3 + 13 Solve the equation: 60X = 15X + 12X + 20X + 780 60X = 47X + 780 13X = 780 X = 60 years

IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 HOMEWORK SOLUTION 373 100 A. BASED ON THIS DIAGRAM, DERIVE 2 EQUATIONS: 1. TO CONVERT KELVIN TO CELSIUS 2. TO CONVERT CELSIUS TO KELVIN. 100 373 – 273 100 100 - 0 K C K - 273 C C - 0 273 = K - 273 C 100 100 K = C + 273

Let X be the matching temperature on both scales. IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 B. CAN THE FAHRENHEIT TEMPERATURE EVER MATCH THE CELSIUS TEMPERATURE? ( X F = X C ) USE ALGEBRA TO PROVE YOUR CONCLUSION. In class, we derived the following expression and then ‘customized’ it so that we could solve for F or C depending on which one was known. 5(F – 32) = 9C Let X be the matching temperature on both scales. 5(X – 32) = 9X 5X – 160 = 9X – 160 = 4X – 40 = X Therefore, -40 F = -40 C.

LETTERING REVIEW FOR TEST #1 I1-27 Engineer’s communication tool All capital letters BETWEEN GUIDELINES Legible and Consistent LEGIBLE AND CONSISTENT LEGIBLE AND CONSISTENT LEGIBLE AND CONSISTENT IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27

Title Blocks I1-2 Take out a sheet of notebook paper. IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-2 Title Blocks Take out a sheet of notebook paper. Title it between last and 2nd–to-last lines. Never write in line above it (no X’s). Teacher will give you your class # BPI NOTESHEET 26 AUG 08 LAST, F. 1

REMINDER Title Blocks I1-27 BPI-IOT CLASSWORK 19 SEP 08 LAST, F. 1 IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 REMINDER Title Blocks BPI-IOT CLASSWORK 19 SEP 08 LAST, F. 1

FOT Review – Engineering IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 FOT REVIEW FOT Review – Engineering What is ENGINEERING? Systematic application of mathematic, scientific, and technical principles to yield a tangible end product that meets our needs or desires. What are the key words? Systematic application Mathematic, Scientific, Technical Principles Tangible end product Needs or Desires Let students know that most of the information covered in Unit 1 – General Conditions will be referred to throughout the school year. They should keep good notes and keep them in good shape. Some of these notes they may want to even put into plastic slip covers.

Engineering I1-27 What is a principle? IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 FOT REVIEW Engineering What is a principle? The laws of nature underlying the working of an artificial device. A fundamental, primary, or general law from which others are derived.

Engineering creates Technology IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 FOT REVIEW Engineering What is Technology? The application of knowledge, tools, and skills to solve problems and extend human capabilities Performs tasks by using an artifact that is not part of the human body Engineering creates Technology An object made by humans for a specific purpose

Technology as a System task relationship I1-27 IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 FOT REVIEW Technology as a System Technology – performing a by using an object that is not part of the human body. System – each technology has parts and each part has a with all other parts and to the whole. task relationship

Technology as a System I1-27 Components: Goals Inputs Processes IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 FOT REVIEW Technology as a System Components: Goals Humans develop technology to meet needs Each artifact meets more than one goal Inputs Resources that go into a system and are used by it Processes Design Process, Production Process, Mgt. Process Outputs Technological systems are designed to produce specific outputs. Manufactured products, constructed structures, communicated messages, transported people or goods. Feedback and Control Using information about the outputs to regulate the system.

System Components I1-27 Control FOT REVIEW GOALS GOALS FEEDBACK INPUTS IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 FOT REVIEW System Components GOALS Control FEEDBACK INPUTS PROCESSES OUTPUTS GOALS

INPUTS 7 I1-27 Resources that go into technology: FOT REVIEW IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 FOT REVIEW 7 INPUTS Resources that go into technology: People – planners, designers, builders, testers, administration, investors, etc. Information – math, science, and technical principles, etc. Time – to plan, design, make, market, ship, etc. Capital – $ for employees, materials, marketing, etc. Machines and tools – manufacturing facilities, etc. Materials – natural, synthetic, composite Energy – to design, construct, ship, etc.

3 I1-27 PROCESSES FOT REVIEW Management Planning and scheduling IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 FOT REVIEW 3 PROCESSES Management Planning and scheduling Organizing (e.g., salaries) Actuating (e.g., marketing) Controlling Design Engineering Design Process Problem Solving Process Production Communication Construction Energy and Power Manufacturing Transportation

FEEDBACK I1-27 Used to regulate and control a technological system IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 FOT REVIEW FEEDBACK Used to regulate and control a technological system Designs need to be continually checked and critiqued, refined and improved Risk analysis is used to minimize the likelihood of undesired outputs Feedback in the form of: Performance testing Testing and evaluation Surveys Sales results Quality control (actual operation vs. intended operation) CONTROL

Outcome: Tangible Object IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 Make Model / Prototype Model Used to communicate design ideas and processes. May be a small, large, or full scale model. Prototype A working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments. Outcome: Tangible Object

Request for Proposal (RFP) IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 Request for Proposal (RFP) Outcome is a Design Proposal

I1-27 Constraints on the Engineering Design Process 8 IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 8 Constraints on the Engineering Design Process (A constraint is a limit or restriction) Safety – is the product safe to use/construct? Reliability – will it work consistently over time? Cost – is it affordable? Quality Control – does it meet customer requirements? Environmental Concerns – does it harm the natural or human environment negatively? Manufacturability – can it be made? Maintenance – how easily can it be maintained or upheld? Ergonomics – how efficiently can the human body utilize it? Use the image of NASA’s new lunar service vehicle as an example for the constraints.

Assessing Technology I1-27 IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 Assessing Technology If Technology is… The ability of humans to combine ingenuity and resources to meet needs and wants of people Then Technology Assessment is… The conscience that polices the possible impacts of applying technology The analysis of technology should be based on facts and research rather than media hype or personal opinion.

Assessing Technology I1-27 IOT POLY ENGINEERING Assessing Technology Assessing the impacts of technology requires An open mind. The ability to remove attachment (loyalty) to the topic of investigation. Some factors inhibiting technological assessment: Emotional Cultural Intellectual Environmental Perceptual Accepted in group Subtle influences Blocking real facts Peer pressure, time constraint Perception differences Students should take note of these five inhibiting factors. We will be returning to them soon. Emotional – Being accepted as part of a group is an important factor in our society. The feeling of belonging to a group that thinks alike is often stronger than any desire to voice a different opinion. This factor is much stronger in some cultures. Cultural – Each person is a product of his or her culture. Subtle influences and positive or negative reinforcements to statements or actions combine to for a kind of mental database of factors that are either acceptable or taboo. Intellectual – While not often a problem with students, teachers may try to over-think a technology product or system. Over-analyzing a topic can sometimes block the real facts. Environmental – The simple factors that affect our daily lives can influence how we feel during an assessment exercise. Students can be easily pressured by their peers into thinking a certain way. Time constraints may force a decision that would not otherwise surface. Perceptual – Each person perceives factors in a slightly (or sometimes vastly) different way. This fact is often demonstrated, for example, when eyewitness accounts of the same incident differ greatly among different people. Factors such as hearing impairment or colorblindness can change perceptions widely. I1-27

Design Process I1-27 Define the Problem IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 Design Process Define the Problem Brainstorm, Research, Generate Ideas Explore Possibilities Develop a Design Proposal Make Model/Prototype Test and Evaluate Refine the Design Communicate the Solution

5 Impacts of Technology I1-27 IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 5 Impacts of Technology 5 Main Areas Impacted by Technology: Social: How does it affect interdependent human relationships? Cultural: How does it affect the characteristic features of everyday existence? Economic: How does it affect the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services? Political: How does it affect the government? Environmental: How does it affect both the human and natural environments? (aesthetics included here)

PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES - DRAW A DIAGRAM - SOLVE ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS - MAKE A MODEL - CREATE A FLOWCHART - RUN A SIMULATION TRIAL AND ERROR MAKE A GRAPH

Copyright © 1998-2006 Newton Metrology Ltd. IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 "METROLOGY is the science and art of measurement. Measurement is extracting information from nature or from devices people have engineered. It is also about the uncertainty in the extracted data, communicating it to other people in a standard way, and making them confident in our measurements by establishing traceable measurement systems.“ Copyright © 1998-2006 Newton Metrology Ltd. You will now receive a 4-sided concise summary of the International System of Units (SI). Read and study this summary now, as it may help you to find some answers to the homework.

IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 STANDARD - An acknowledged measure of comparison for quantitative or qualitative value ACCURACY -the degree of closeness of a measured or calculated quantity to its actual (true) value PRECISION - the degree of mutual agreement among a series of individual measurements or values CALIBRATION - the process of establishing the relationship between a measuring device and the units of measure TRACEABILITY - an unbroken chain of comparisons relating an instrument's measurements to a known standard

IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 BASE UNIT – A unit in a system of measurement that is defined, independent of other units, by means of a physical standard. Also known as fundamental unit. DERIVED UNIT - A unit that is defined by simple combination of base units. ERROR - The difference between a computed or measured value and a true or theoretically correct value. PERCENTAGE OF ERROR - the percentage ratio of the error to the correct value of the measured parameter. UNCERTAINTY - The estimated amount or percentage by which an observed or calculated value may differ from the true value.

SUMMARY OF THE 7 FUNDAMENTAL SI UNITS: LENGTH - meter MASS - kilogram IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 SUMMARY OF THE 7 FUNDAMENTAL SI UNITS: LENGTH - meter MASS - kilogram TIME - second ELECTRIC CURRENT - ampere THERMODYNAMIC TEMPERATURE - Kelvin AMOUNT OF MATTER - mole LUMINOUS INTENSITY - candela

Exponential Growth – LINEAR GRAPH IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 Exponential Growth – LINEAR GRAPH

Exponential Growth Curve IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 Exponential Growth Curve

Exponential Relationship IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 Exponential Relationship

Study for Monday’s test on Unit 1. IOT POLY ENGINEERING I1-27 Study for Monday’s test on Unit 1.