Do Now!!! Describe the process by which water turns from a solid to a liquid and the role temperature plays in this process. How do you believe energy ties into this concept? L. Bernard, 2016

Matter and Change Chapter 2 L. Bernard, 2016

2.1 Properties of Matter L. Bernard, 2016

States of Matter Three states of matter: Solids Liquids Gases What allows a particle to be solidified, liquefied, or gaseous? L. Bernard, 2016

Phase Changes L. Bernard, 2016

Changes in Phase A phase change occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another Is changing state of matter a physical change? Why or why not? L. Bernard, 2016

Changes in Phase The addition or removal of energy causes phases to change Which phase has the most amount of energy? Which phase has the least amount of energy? L. Bernard, 2016

The Kinetic Theory of Matter All matter is made up of particle that are constantly in motion Adding energy (in the form of heat) to a particle causes it to move faster Gas particles have most energy and move the fastest Solids have the least energy and move the slowest L. Bernard, 2016

Changes in Phase Endothermic Exothermic The absorption of heat from the surroundings En = In Exothermic The releasing of heat into the surrounding Exo = Exit L. Bernard, 2016

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Do Now!!! Review: When we cool a substance from a gas all the way to a solid, is that an exothermic or endothermic reaction? Explain! L. Bernard, 2016

Physical vs Chemical Properties and Changes L. Bernard, 2016

Physical Properties L. Bernard, 2016

Physical Properties A property that can be measured or observed without changing a substances chemical composition L. Bernard, 2016

Physical Properties Intensive Properties Extensive Properties Depends on the type of substance Color/Texture/Appearance Density Melting/Freezing Point Odor Conductivity Hardness Depends on the amount of matter in a sample Mass Volume Length L. Bernard, 2016

Physical Changes Properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change For example: cutting hair, boiling water, or peeling potatoes L. Bernard, 2016

Physical Changes Can be either reversible or irreversible Melted ice can re-freeze - reversible A cracked egg cannot become whole again - irreversible L. Bernard, 2016

Chemical Reactions L. Bernard, 2016

Chemical Property The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change Iron rusts in the presence of oxygen Wood burns to ash in the presence of fire L. Bernard, 2016

Chemical Changes During a chemical change the composition of matter always changes! Also known as a chemical reaction L. Bernard, 2016

How do you know a chemical reaction has occurred? Color change Odor Production of gas or bubbling Production or loss of heat Formation of a solid precipitate L. Bernard, 2016

Phase Diagrams We can use numerical data and ideal situations to graph the heating or cooling of a substance L. Bernard, 2016

Phase Diagram Temperature (°C) Time Endothermic (gaining heat energy) Gas Boiling Kinetic Energy Not Changing Condensing Liquid Temperature (°C) Kinetic Energy Changing Melting Exothermic (losing heat energy) Freezing Solid Time L. Bernard, 2016

Phase Diagrams-Labels Solid Liquid Gas Freezing Point Melting Point Condensation Boiling Melting/Fusion Freezing/Solidification Kinetic Energy not changing Kinetic Energy changing Direction of endothermic Direction of exothermic L. Bernard, 2016

Lab #2 Alternate Assignment Complete the following problems in your lab notebook Page 55 in textbook #’s 39, 40, 45, 60, 67, 73, 77 L. Bernard, 2016

Classification of Matter L. Bernard, 2016

Pure Substances Substances that cannot be physically separated Elements Ex: Carbon, Oxygen, Zinc, Gold Compounds Ex: H2O, NaCl, Sugar, CO2 L. Bernard, 2016

Mixtures Physical blend of two or more components Homogeneous- uniform throughout Heterogeneous- not uniform throughout Remember: mixtures are not chemically combined! L. Bernard, 2016

Homogeneous Mixtures Also known as a solution Cannot physically see the parts of the mixture Ex: salt water, air, steel L. Bernard, 2016

Heterogeneous Mixtures Two types Colloidal mixtures have extremely small particles evenly dispersed throughout Suspensions have larger particles usually collected at the bottom of the container You can see the components that make up the mixture Ex: sugar at the bottom of iced tea, salad dressing L. Bernard, 2016

What mixture is marker ink made of? Take a strip of filter paper and draw a line with your marker about 1 inch from the bottom Tape the filter paper to the pencil so that the pencil rests on the top of the beaker and the filter paper is barely touching the bottom of the beaker Add about a centimeter of isopropyl alcohol to the beaker and place the filter paper inside Cover with plastic wrap and wait to see what happens! L. Bernard, 2016

Do Now!!! What are some ways we can separate components of mixtures? L. Bernard, 2016

Separation of Mixtures Filtration Separate a liquid from a solid Distillation Separate components using differences in boiling points Centrifuging Separate a liquid from a liquid L. Bernard, 2016

Chemical Reactions L. Bernard, 2016

What is a chemical property? How does it differ from a physical property? L. Bernard, 2016

Chemical Property The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change Iron rusts in the presence of oxygen Wood burns to ash in the presence of fire Lead is toxic when digested in our bodies Some things change color when heated or cooled L. Bernard, 2016

Chemical Changes During a chemical change the composition of matter always changes! Also known as a chemical reaction Chemical bonds are broken and elements are rearranged to form new substances L. Bernard, 2016

How do you know a chemical reaction has occurred? Color change Odor Production of gas or bubbling Production or loss of heat Formation of a solid precipitate Change in state of matter L. Bernard, 2016

The Law of Conservation of Mass Matter cannot be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction Whatever amount and type of elements you start with you must also end with! L. Bernard, 2016