LAB 1 URINALYSIS Naseem AL-Mthray

Objectives 1) Know the normal constituents of urine. 2) Identify and understand the significance of abnormal urine components. 3) Define specific gravity and understand the meaning of too high or too low urine specific gravity. Naseem AL-Mthray

The composition of urine reveals much about body function. Metabolic waste products such as carbon dioxide, urea, uric acid, creatinine, sodium chloride, and ammonia are normally present. Naseem AL-Mthray

Natural Components of the urine Consists of urine in general of the contents of organic and other non- organic in the form of an aqueous solution. Naseem AL-Mthray

1- non-organic ingredients: Water- salt- sulfur- chlorine- phosphorus and co2 in the form of bicarbonate and sodium- potassium- calcium- magnesium- iodine- copper and iron. 2- organic ingredients: Urea - creatine - ammonia - uric acid. Naseem AL-Mthray

Abnormal Components of the urine Protein sugar Acetone bodies Pigments Bile salts Fat Epithelial cells Haswa in the urine Naseem AL-Mthray

physical properties of the normal urine A-Color The color of normal urine is due to a pigment called urochrome, which is the end-product of hemoglobin breakdown. Hemoglobin--->Hematin--->Bilirubin--->Urochrome--->Urochromogen B-Transparency (cloudiness or turbidity) A fresh sample of normal urine should be transparent. Naseem AL-Mthray

C. Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH). The normal range is between 4.8 and 7.5. D. Protein. The large size of protein molecules normally prevents their presence in urine. Naseem AL-Mthray

Ketones and Hemoglobin are no found in normal urine. E. Glucose. Only a small amount of glucose is normally present in urine (0.01 to 0.03 g/100 ml of urine). F. Ketones. G. Hemoglobin Ketones and Hemoglobin are no found in normal urine. Naseem AL-Mthray

H. Specific Gravity . The specific gravity of a 24-hour sample of normal urine will be between 1.015 and 1.025. Naseem AL-Mthray