States and Properties of Matter Review Graham

What are the 4states of matter? Determined by particle motion and particle speed Solid—definite shape and definite volume Liquid--indefinite shape and definite volume Gas—indefinite shape and volume Plasma—indefinite shape and volume an ionized particles

The space that matter occupies. What is Volume? The space that matter occupies. Cm3 or mL

You must know the mass and volume to determine density. What is density? This describes how much matter is packed into a certain amount of volume. You must know the mass and volume to determine density. D=M/V D=g/cm3 Density of water =1 Above 1 will sink Below 1 will float

What are physical properties? This describes characteristics of a material that can be observed without changing the identity. Examples include: density, color, odor, malleability, ductility, mass, etc.

What is a chemical property? This describes whether or not a substance will react to produce a new substance. Examples include: reactivity, flammability and combustible, reacts with acid/base.

What are physical changes? When the physical properties only are changed. Examples of this change include: freezing, breaking an object, dissolving sugar in water, melting, mixing a salad

What is a chemical change? This occurs when an object changes its identity. A new substance is always formed.

Chemical These are examples of this type of change :burning, combining baking soda and vinegar, photosynthesis, baking or cooking, digestion

Chemical Change Indicators These are examples of what you might observe that would signal that a chemical change has taken place : Heat or light is produced when substances react. A change in odor or a change in color takes place. Sound/fizzing Bubbling occurs Generally, not reversible

physical change This type of change is easier to reverse because the original materials are still there; they just changed their appearance.

Phase Changes Endothermic Phase Changes---- heating up Melting Evaporation Sublimation Freezing Condensation Deposition Endothermic Phase Changes---- heating up Exothermic Phase Changes—cooling off

Phase Changes Any time a state of matter gains or loses energy it will Change forms. This is always a physical change!!!

Phase Changes Melting/Freezing happen at the same temperature. Solid to a liquid by adding heat Or Liquid to Solid by taking away heat

Phase Changes Evaporation/Condensation happen at the same temperature. Liquid to a Gas by adding heat Or Gas to Liquid by taking away heat

Phase Changes Sublimation/Deposition happen at the same temperature.(Dry Ice—CO2) Solid to a Gas by adding heat Or Gas to Solid by taking away heat

Phase Changes Heat and Temperature; There must be a change in heat energy(more or less) to cause a change in phase, BUT during the phase change there is not a change in temperature. Ex. Solid to a liquid –must add heat energy, but during melting there is no change in the temperature

Test Yourself!!!!

The Law of Conservation of Matter states   A. The mass of the reactants must always equal the mass of the product B. Mass is always lost during a chemical reaction C. Mass is increased during a chemical reaction. D. Mass is sometimes lost during a chemical reaction. A.

Which state of matter has a definite shape and a definite volume? Solid

Which state of matter has the most kinetic energy? plasma

Which type of change would result in a new substance being formed? chemical

According to the law of conservation of matter, when 12 According to the law of conservation of matter, when 12.5grams of reactant are used in a chemical reaction, then how many grams of product should be present. 12.5grams

Which scenario represents a chemical change? a. The mixing of flour, water, and eggs to make waffles b. Bubbling when water is boiling c. Glowing light produced in a child’s chemical light stick d. Puddle of water evaporating on a hot day C.

Which state of matter is shown below? Plasma: ionized particles

Which state of matter is the most dense? Solid

Describe the particle characteristics of the state of matter shown below? Liquid—particles are close together but move from place to place and moving faster than in a solid.

Ansley mixes 2 unknown substances Ansley mixes 2 unknown substances. She sees some bubbling and feels heat coming off the container in which she mixed them. Is this chemical change or physical change? chemical

Sublimation, melting and evaporation are all _____________ phase changes? endothermic

What type of change is a candle burning? Physical and chemical (wax melting and wick burning)

Heidi wants to find the density of her tennis shoe Heidi wants to find the density of her tennis shoe. What does she need to measure? Mass and Volume

When a substance changes from a liquid to a gas, energy is Increased

On a graph, what type of line indicates that a substance is going through a phase change? horizontal

List the 4 states of matter order from most dense to least dense? Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma

Which endothermic phase change is dependent on the atmospheric pressure? boiling

Melting and __________ happen at the same temperature? freezing

Which statement correctly describes a chemical change?   A. A new substance is formed B. Only physical properties of a substance are changed C. Substances are mixed together to form a solution D. Substance is melted into a liquid. A.

Two mystery substances are mixed together in a bag in a chemical reaction, and it absorbs heat from the surrounding environment. The bag becomes cold.   What type of reaction does this represent? A.Decomposition reaction B.Endothermic reaction C. Exothermic reaction D. Catalyzed reaction B.

Which of the following is an example of a chemical property? The density of water is 1 Vinegar reacts with baking soda The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius Salt will dissolve in water b.

Which of the following is not an example of a physical change? Solid copper melts into liquid copper Baking soda reacts with vinegar Water is boiled into steam Salt will dissolve in water b.

Which state of matter has the slowest particle movement? Solid liquid gas plasma a.

c. 4 grams 8grams 12grams 6 grams According to the Law of Conservation of Mass if 4 grams of reactant A is combined with 8 grams of reactant B what will be the mass of the product? 4 grams 8grams 12grams 6 grams c.

a. condesation melting evaporation sublimation During a hot shower, you notice that your bathroom mirror fogs up. What phase change has taken place to cause this fog? condesation melting evaporation sublimation a.

When a solid becomes a liquid, which of the following is true? Particles have gained energy Particles lose energy Particles are packed more closely together. Particles are more strongly bonded. a.

Freezing, deposition, and condensation are examples of ? States of matter Endothermic phase changes Exothermic phase changes Chemical Changes c.

Questions????