Civil Rights Movement.

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Presentation transcript:

Civil Rights Movement

Segregation Plessy v Ferguson (1896)- segregation is legal Jim Crow laws- separated facilities Challenging Segregation NAACP: led fight against segregation Brown v Board of Ed. (1955)- schools must desegregate Thurgood Marshall- attorney for NAACP Earl Warren- chief justice of Supreme Ct https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTGHLdr-iak

Reaction to Brown 500 schools desegregated w/in year 2nd court ruling- “with all deliberate speed” Little Rock Crisis 9 black students enrolled in Central HS Gov. Faubus called Nat. Guard to keep them out President Eisenhower had students escorted by army soldiers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodolEmUg2g

Montgomery Bus Boycott Sparked by Rosa Parks (1955)- led by ML King Lasted for one year and was successful http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7da7I6BxrU

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Led by King Preached nonviolent disobedience; organized protests throughout the south Helped form SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)- staged sit-ins

Freedom Riders Protesters rode buses into segregated cities Many attacked and killed JFK ordered federal marshals to protect riders Success: interstate facilities desegregated http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FranrEa8vg

Birmingham King organized march to protest segregation and was arrested King organized children’s march May 3, 1963: Police Chief Bull Conner broke up march w/ police dogs and fire hoses JFK demanded a civil rights law http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0lD37bq8YI

March on Washington August 28, 1963: 100th anniversary of Emanc. Proclamation Assembled near Washington Monument “I Have a Dream” speech Led to Civil Rights Act of 1964 (prohibited discrimination) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDpZtxMcFwc

Voting Rights Selma March Struggles: poll tax, literacy test, grandfather clause Attempts to register voters (many killed) Voting Rights Act of 1965- eliminated literacy test, federal gov’t could register voters https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tVymzWrBTww

Problems in the North De facto segregation (custom and practice) De jure segregation (law) Riots in major cities Kerner Commission- investigated root of violence and placed blame on white society

Malcolm X Joined Nation of Islam (Black Muslims) Preached pride in identity; armed self-defense Disagreed w/ Black Muslims and left group Shot during a speech (Nation of Islam blamed)

Stokely Carmichael Leader of SNCC Black Power-lead own organizations, separation, retaliation, celebrate African culture

Black Panthers Founded by Huey Newton, Bobby Seale Advocated taking control of own communities

1968: The End Dr. King assassination- April 4, 1968 (James E. Ray) Robert Kennedy assassination- June 5, 1968 (Sirhan Sirhan) Election of 1968- Nixon (Republican who slowed integration) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PalIIpfhw_g King assassination