PROPERTIES OF MATTER

BELL RINGER Earth Light Desk Dog Sand Air Directions: Label the following as matter or not. Earth Light Desk Dog Sand Air

WHAT IS MATTER? Matter is anything, such as a solid, liquid or gas that has volume and mass. It is made up of atoms and molecules which take of space and has mass

Mass Volume Mass describes the amount of matter in an object. A gram (g) is a common unit of mass. Objects of the same size can be made up of different amounts of matter. Volume is the amount of space that an object takes up, or occupies. A soccer and a bowling ball of the same size have the same volume but have very different masses.

HOW DOES MASS DIFFER FROM WEIGHT? Weight is a measure of the gravitational force on an object. Mass will be the same even when weight has changed due to an increase or decrease in gravity.

Mass vs. Weight

HOW DO WE DETERMINE VOLUME? For objects with a well-defined shape, a formula can be used. (Ex. V= lwh.)measured in cm3

CONT. Liquid volume is measured with a beaker or graduated cylinder in liters (L) or milliliters (mL). Objects of an irregular shape can be found by the displacement of water in a graduated cylinder.

ALMOST THERE! What is density? Density is a measure of the amount of matter in a given volume. The density of substance remains the same no matter how much of the substance you have.

HOW IS DENSITY DETERMINED? Density is mass divided by volume, or D=m/V. It is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter, or g/cm3.

What are the Physical Properties of matter? A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance is called a physical property. The state of matter is also a physical property. Most matter exists as a solid, liquid, or gas.

States of Matter Matter can be classified as solids, liquids, or gases based on whether their shapes and volumes are definite of variable. Kinetic theory of matter: all the particles of matter are in constant motion.

Solids Has a definite shape AND definite volume. Particles only slightly vibrate and are packed close together.

Liquids Takes the shape of its container and has a definite volume. Molecules slide past each other.

Gases No definite shape or volume. Molecule move freely past each other

Physical Properties Viscosity Conductivity Malleability Hardness Melting point Boiling point Density Ductility Magnetism

Viscosity Viscosity: the tendency of a liquid to keep flowing – its resistance to flowing Greater = slower the liquid moves Viscosity usually decreases when heated.

Conductivity Ability to allow heat to flow. Those materials that have a high conductivity like metals are called good conductors. Usually means conductors of heat and electricity.

Malleability Ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering. Most metals are malleable.

Hardness One way to compare is to see which material scratches the other. Diamond is the hardest mineral and Talc is softest.

Melting and Boiling Point The temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid is its melting point. Water = 0° C The temperature at which a substance boils is its boiling point. Water = 100 ° C

Physical Changes Some of the properties of the material change, but the substances in the material remain the same. Water from liquid to a gas during boiling Crumpling and slicing change size and shape. Some can be reversed (freezing and melting)

Chemical Properties A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to change into a new substance with different properties. Can be observed only when the substances in a sample of matter are changing into different substances.

Flammability Materials ability to burn in the presence of oxygen. Sometimes not desirable property. Children's sleepwear. (flame-resistant) Materials that can burn are used for fuel.

Reactivity How readily a substance combines chemically with other substances. Oxygen is reactive easily with most other elements. Rust Nitrogen is not reactive and used on ships as a gas to decrease rusting.

Chemical Changes A chemical change is the process by which one or more substances change into entirely new substances. Chemical changes are not the same as chemical properties. Burning is a chemical change; flammability is a chemical property.

Evidence of chemical changes Odors can be produced during a chemical change. Fizzing and foaming may mean gases are being produced. The production of gas is often evidence of a chemical change. Boiling also can produce gas bubbles, but boiling is a physical change.

What is the law of conservation of mass? The law of conservation of mass states that in ordinary chemical and physical changes, mass is not created or destroyed. It is only transformed into different substances.

What is the difference between physical and chemical properties? Physical properties can be observed without changing the identity of a substance. Chemical properties can be observed only by changing the identity of a substance.

Physical or chemical change? Will heating the water in this beaker cause a physical or chemical change?