I. New Economic Opportunities A. Women Benefit from Wartime Production 1. need to replace men - greater demand for labor 2. many women found jobs in heavy industry a. "Rosie the Riveter" - image of a tough, hard-working, American woman b. helped to churn out tanks, planes, ships 3. gained money, experience, confidence B. Minorities gain more opportunities... 1. Executive Order 8802; Fair Employment Practices Committee - FDR's attempt to ensure fair hiring practices for African Americans 2. bracero program - brought migrant workers from Mexico to work on American farms in West C....But racial tensions remained 1. Race riot in Detroit, Michigan, summer 1943 a. dispute over housing for black workers 2. "Zoot Suit Riots" - Los Angeles, Cal., June 1943 a. young Mex. Ams. attacked by off-duty sailors II. A Challenge to Civil Liberties A. Fear of "enemy aliens" spread among Americans 1. German Americans, Italian Americans, Japanese Americans 2. travel restrictions, curfews, removed from homes

3. eventually, Ger. Ams., and Ital. Ams. removed from enemy aliens list B. Japanese American internment 1. internment - temporary imprisonment of a specific group 2. leaders on West Coast saw Japanese Americans as a threat a. Issei - Japanese immigrants B. Nisei - native-born Americans of Japanese descent 3. by Sept., 1942 - 100,000 Japanese Ams. removed from homes and placed in internment camps a. forced to sell homes and property at a loss b. located in isolated areas of the West c. usually poorly heated 1-room shacks or bunkhouses d. prison-like --- barbed wire and armed guards 4. treatment upheld by Supreme Court - Korematsu v. U.S. 5. Japanese Ams at first banned from military a. ban lifted in 1943 b. many eagerly enlisted to prove patriotism c. 442nd Regimental Combat Team - most decorated military unit in American history 6. 1988 - U.S. gov't issued apology for internment III. Supporting the War Effort A. A Time of Unparalleled Patriotism and Sacrifice: 1. war bonds - certificates that could be bought from gov't a. gov't used $ to help pay for war b. $ would be paid back to citizens with interest 2. rationing - citizens issued coupon books that limited amount of certain items they could buy