Bacterial Diseases 15.21-23 Microbiology

15.21 Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System

15.21 Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System

15.21 Anatomy of the Urinary System

15.21 Microflora of Genitourinary System Vaginal Microflora-Acidic environment (pH 4.5), mostly Lactobacillus species important for good health. Proper hygiene critical to normal balance. Menstrual cycle helps to regenerate flora. Overuse of antibiotics, compromised immune system, multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex lead to infection. Research shows vaginal births & breast feeding produce much healthier children.

15.22 Bacterial Diseases of the Urinary System Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) More common in females than males due to anatomical differences. 10% of Women have a UTI at any given time. Bladder (cystitis), Kidney (pyelonephritis) Frequent, painful urination, back pain, blood in urine. E. coli most common cause. Leptospirosis from contaminated (animal urine) water. Antibiotics for treatment. Hygiene, type of birth control, rough sex are factors.

15.23 Bacterial Diseases of the Reproductive System Prostatitis- inflammation of the prostate. More common in older men. Fever, chills, groin, and lower back pain, difficulty urinating.

15.23 Bacterial Diseases of the Reproductive System Gonorrhea (clap)-Neisseria gonorrhoeae Males-Burning sensation during urination & penile discharge. Females-Asymptomatic ½ time, vaginal discharge & pelvic pain. Untreated causes epididymitis in men and PID in women. Can affect joints and heart valves. Can lead to difficulty conceiving and sterility.

15.23 Bacterial Diseases of the Reproductive System Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) Pain on urination, frequent urination, white or cloudy discharge. Most common cause chlamydia. Most common STI-1 million in US. “Silent Epidemic” 1/2- 3/4 of infected women are asymptomatic. Can also infect eye. May lead to PID and sterility.

15.23 Bacterial Diseases of the Reproductive System Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Inflammations of uterus, fallopian tubes and/or ovaries. Can be asymptomatic (about 66%) Fever, abdominal pain, unusual discharge, irregular menstrual cycle, painful intercourse. Can cause sterility.

15.23 Bacterial Diseases of the Reproductive System Syphilis-Treponema pallidum Congenital-Mother to child. Chancre-skin ulcerations Can attack nervous and cardiovascular systems Four stages Tuskegee study 1932- 1972, 600 black men.

15.23 Bacterial Diseases of the Reproductive System Lymphogranuloma venereum STD that infects Lymph nodes Fever, malaise, ulcers

15.23 Bacterial Diseases of the Reproductive System Group B streptococcus-normal part of microflora (about 40% of women) but can cause pneumonia in newborns. CAMP test in third trimester to prevent infection. Chancroid-Haemophilus ducreyi Rare, enlarged lymph nodes, painful bleeding ulcers Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)-disrupted microflora balance. Multiple sex partners, Antibiotics White of gray discharge, fish-like odor. High rate of reoccurrence