Correlates of Smoking Cessation among Filipino-American Men

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Presentation transcript:

Correlates of Smoking Cessation among Filipino-American Men 1Gabriel James M. Garcia, MA, MPH, PhD(c) 2Romina A. Romero, MPH 1Annette Maxwell, DrPH 1UCLA School of Public Health Division of Cancer Prevention & Control Research 2San Diego State University / UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health Funding provided by Cancer Research Foundation of America

Background More than 2 million Filipinos in the US, with about half in California (US Census, 2000) In California, Fil-Am men have higher smoking rates compared to Non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics (Maxwell et al., Prev Med, 2005) Lung cancer is top cancer killer among Fil-Am men (Cockburn & Deapen, 2004)

Aim and Objective Overall Aim of Fil-Am Tobacco Study: To gather data on tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes, cessation efforts, and preferences for smoking cessation interventions among Fil-Am men (Maxwell et al., Nic Tob Res, 2007) Objective of this Presentation: To identify factors associated with smoking cessation among Fil-Am men

Literature Review Based on literature the factors associated with smoking cessation are: Demographics: Age, Income, Education, Marital Status Acculturation Knowledge, Attitudes, & Beliefs Age of smoking initiation, nicotine dependence, quit attempts Environmental--both physical and social

Theoretical Framework Health Behavior Health Behavior Framework Individual Variables Knowledge Health beliefs Social support Past adherence Cultural factors Barriers / Supports Intentions Long term Behavior Demographics Medical history Insurance Physician & Health Care System Variables Gritz ER & Bastani R. (1993). “Cancer Prevention—Behavior Changes: The Short and the Long of It.” Preventive Medicine 22, 676-688

Methods Community-based research Worked with Fil-Am CBOs and associations in greater Los Angeles area Research period: May 2004 to May 2005 Interviewed 318 Fil-Am men, 40-75 years: 1/3 ea of current, former, and never smokers For this study: Ever-smokers who have attempted or quit smoking (N=186)

Filipino Christian Church Where did we recruit? Filipino Christian Church St. Dominic’s Church

Interviewers Gabriel Romina Annette Grace Myra Janice

Variables Independent Variables Outcome Variable Demographics Quitting smoking ≥ 1 year Access to care Acculturation Knowledge on health effects of smoking (8 items, =0.64) Positive beliefs on social & physical consequences of smoking (12 items, =0.84) Number of friends who smoke Others in household smoke Household policy on smoking

Significant Difference b/w Successful & Unsuccessful Quitters Factors Successful Quitters Unsuccessful Quitters Income: ≥ $50,000/year 34% 17% Have health insurance 84% 68% Positive beliefs on physical & social consequences of smoking 2.5 + 2.6 5.2 + 3.1 Most friends smoke 21% 42% Smoking completely prohibited in household 76% 53% Not significant: Age, education, marital status, employment, acculturation, knowledge, and others in household smoke

Significant Factors Associated with Successful Quitting Odds Ratio (CI) Positive beliefs on physical & social consequences of smoking 0.66 (0.56-0.78) Most of friends smoke 0.35 (0.14-0.92) Smoking completely prohibited in household 3.67 (1.49-9.07)

Example of the Belief Items Smoking can help people when they are bored. Smoking can help people when they are stressed. Smoking can help when people are depressed or lonely. Offering cigarettes is an important social exchange. Smoking is encouraged in the Filipino culture. See Maxwell et al., Nic Tob Res, 2007

Discussion Factors associated with quitting smoking ≥ 1 year among Fil-Am men comparable to US population who are ever smokers (Lee & Kahende, AJPH, 2007) These factors can be addressed in smoking cessation programs

Strengths & Limitations Good example of successful university-community collaboration One of the first studies that examines smoking cessation among Fil-Am men Limitations Convenience sampling limits generalizability Cross-sectional data limits making direct causal inferences

Public Health Implications Smoking cessation programs for Fil-Am men would benefit from… Education, community activities, and social marketing that dispel the positive physical and social impact of smoking specific to Filipino culture. Encourage a smoking ban in households

Questions? Contact information of presenter: Gabriel Garcia gabrieljmgarcia@yahoo.com