Body Tissues

Tissues State Standard 2) Review the definition of anatomy and physiology (A&P) from previous courses, identifying the sections, planes, and regions with associated organs in each. In the review, explain using correct medical terminology why the body is organized into systems and how the cellular building blocks (atoms, molecules, cells, and tissue) work together to form each of the organs.

Students will be able to…. Objective Students will be able to…. Describe the make up of organs through identification of tissues in a tissue identification activity.

An Introduction to Tissues Structures with discrete structural and functional properties Tissues in combination form organs, such as the heart or liver Organs can be grouped into organ systems Cells>Tissues>Organs>Organ Systems>Homeostasis>properly functioning body

Four Types of Tissue Tissue Are collections of cells and cell products that perform specific, limited functions Four types of tissue Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Neural tissue

Four Types of Tissue Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Covers exposed surfaces Lines internal passageways Forms glands Connective Tissue Fills internal spaces Supports other tissues Transports materials Stores energy

Four Types of Tissues Muscle Tissue Specialized for contraction Skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and walls of hollow organs Neural Tissue Carries electrical signals from one part of the body to another

Epithelial Tissue Functions of Epithelial Tissue Provide Physical Protection Control Permeability Provide Sensation Produce Specialized Secretions (glandular epithelium) Regeneration Specializations of Epithelial Cells Move fluids over the epithelium (protection) Move fluids through the epithelium (permeability) Produce secretions (protection and messengers)

Figure 4-1 The Polarity of Epithelial Cells Cilia Microvilli Apical surface Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondria Basement membrane Basolateral surfaces 9

Classification of Epithelia Singular = Epithelium; Plural = Epithelia Classes of Epithelia Based on shape Squamous epithelia — thin and flat Cuboidal epithelia — square shaped Columnar epithelia — tall, slender rectangles Based on layers Simple epithelium — single layer of cells Stratified epithelium — several layers of cells

Table 4-1 Classifying Epithelia 11

Table 4-1 Classifying Epithelia 12

Simple Squamous Epithelium LOCATIONS: Mesothelia lining ventral body cavities; endothelia lining heart and blood vessels; portions of kidney tubules (thin sections of nephron loops); inner lining of cornea; alveoli of lungs FUNCTIONS: Reduces friction; controls vessel permeability; performs absorption and secretion Cytoplasm Nucleus Connective tissue LM  238 Lining of peritoneal cavity 13

Figure 4-3b Squamous Epithelia Stratified Squamous Epithelium LOCATIONS: Surface of skin; lining of mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus, and vagina FUNCTIONS: Provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack Squamous superficial cells Stem cells Basement membrane Connective tissue Surface of tongue LM  310 14

Figure 4-4a Cuboidal and Transitional Epithelia Simple Cuboidal Epithelium LOCATIONS: Glands; ducts; portions of kidney tubules; thyroid gland Connective tissue FUNCTIONS: Limited protection, secretion, absorption Nucleus Cuboidal cells Basement membrane Kidney tubule LM  650 15

Figure 4-4b Cuboidal and Transitional Epithelia Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium LOCATIONS: Lining of some ducts (rare) FUNCTIONS: Protection, secretion, absorption Lumen of duct Stratified cuboidal cells Basement membrane Nuclei Connective tissue Sweat gland duct LM  500 16

Figure 4-4c Cuboidal and Transitional Epithelia Transitional Epithelium LOCATIONS: Urinary bladder; renal pelvis; ureters FUNCTIONS: Permits expansion and recoil after stretching Epithelium (relaxed) Basement membrane Connective tissue and smooth muscle layers Empty bladder LM  400 Epithelium (stretched) Basement membrane LM  400 Connective tissue and smooth muscle layers Full bladder LM  400 Urinary bladder 17

Figure 4-5a Columnar Epithelia Simple Columnar Epithelium LOCATIONS: Lining of stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes, and collecting ducts of kidneys Microvilli Cytoplasm FUNCTIONS: Protection, secretion, absorption Nucleus Basement membrane Loose connective tissue Intestinal lining LM  350 18

Figure 4-5b Columnar Epithelia Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium LOCATIONS: Lining of nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi; portions of male reproductive tract Cilia Cytoplasm FUNCTIONS: Protection, secretion, move mucus with cilia Nuclei Basement membrane Loose connective tissue Trachea LM  350 19

Figure 4-5c Columnar Epithelia Stratified Columnar Epithelium LOCATIONS: Small areas of the pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary glands, salivary gland ducts, and urethra Loose connective tissue Deeper basal cells FUNCTION: Protection Superficial columnar cells Lumen Lumen Cytoplasm Nuclei Basement membrane Salivary gland duct LM  175 20

Activity With your table partner, complete the epithelial tissue lab activity located on the class website. You need to also open the epithelial tissue samples tab to do the activity. Complete activity A & B (follow the directions carefully) Individually complete the analysis questions 2- 10 at the bottom of the lab.