How and why the colonies were founded Colonial Foundations How and why the colonies were founded

Founding the English Colonies A colony refers to an area under the full or partial political control of another country. The country can be close, or far away, and the colony can be occupied by settlers or not. The English colonies were located mainly along the Atlantic Coast. This gave the colonies easy access to water sources. Why is this important? Access to trade routes (via the Atlantic) Water is necessary to grow crops and for survival. Review– the two primary reasons why the English settlers came to the New World: Desire to find wealth Escape religious persecution

NE Characteristics Founded for religious freedom; Consisted of Massachusetts (which included Maine), Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire Founded for religious freedom; Soil was very hilly/rocky– made farming difficult; Focused instead on fishing, shipbuilding and trade.

Puritans vs. Pilgrims– the differences The Pilgrims were Separatists who wanted to break away (i.e. separate) from the Anglican Church in England. They landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620. The original destination was the Virginia Colony, but their ship, the Mayflower, had been blown off course. The Puritans had a different goal. Instead of separating from the church, they wanted to purify it by removing the extreme views they felt had developed. They believed heavily in the righteousness and sovereignty of God. They landed in Salem, Massachusetts in 1629. Their colony became known as the Massachusetts Bay colony, and their leader was a man named John Winthrop.

Came for religious freedom Pilgrims Came with a group of a few settlers (~100) Mainly lower class Uneducated Puritans Came with a large group of a few settlers (~700) Middle/upper class Educated Came for religious freedom Settled in Mass.

Middle Characteristics Consisted of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware Nicknamed ‘breadbasket colonies’ due to their high grain (wheat, oat, rye) production; Major port cities for trade– New York and Philadelphia; Industries: sawmills, mines and ironworks

Southern Characteristics Consisted of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia Population very spread out due to the size of farms; Warm climate and long growing season; Cash crops: Tobacco- Big in MD, VA, and NC Tar, pitch, turpentine- NC Rice, indigo- SC, GA

New England Colonies Name of Colony Year Founded Founder(s) Type of government Main Religion(s) Reason Founded Massachusetts Plymouth Mass. Bay 1620 1629 Pilgrims (William Bradford) Puritans (John Winthrop) - Royal– under charter Puritan Religious freedom! Rhode Island 1636 Roger Williams Charter Religious and political freedom Connecticut Thomas Hooker New Hampshire 1638 Settlers from Massachusetts Royal Economic opportunities

Middle Colonies Name of Colony Year Founded Founder(s) Type of government Main Religion(s) Reason Founded New York 1626 Dutch settlers Royal Quakers, Catholics, Lutherans and Jews Religious freedom and economic opportunity Delaware 1638 Swedish settlers Proprietary Economic opportunities New Jersey 1636 John Berkeley and George Carteret Pennsylvania 1682 William Penn Quakers** Catholics, Lutherans and Jews Religious and political freedom

Southern Colonies Name of Colony Year Founded Founder(s) Type of government Main Religion(s) Reason Founded Virginia 1607 John Smith Royal Anglican and Baptist Economic opportunities Maryland 1638 George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) Proprietary Catholics** Anglicans and Baptists Religious and political freedom The Carolinas NC SC 1653 1663 8 Lord’s proprietors Georgia 1732 James Oglethorpe Economic opportunity for debtors Buffer zone from Spanish Florida

Colonial Bumper Sticker and License Plate Mini-Project In your pair/group, you will create a set of 3 bumper stickers/license plates to reflect your understanding of the colony you are assigned. You must create at least one of each– 1 license plate and 1 bumper sticker, and the 3rd is your choice. Guidelines: Must resemble a license plate/bumper sticker Must reflect some aspect(s) of your colony– geography, social characteristics, religious characteristics, etc. Be creative– both in your design and your message!