Hospitality and Tourism in Perspective Andi Hallang Lewa, M.M. Dian Nuswantoro University

Subject Definition of hospitality and tourism Scope of hospitality and tourism Nature and characteristics of hospitality and tourism industry Career opportunities in the hospitality and tourism industry

Why do People Travel? Physical Motivation Cultural Motivation Interpersonal Motivation Status and Prestige Motivation

Defining the hospitality The word hospitality derived from the Latin word “Hospitare”, meaning “to receive as a guest”. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, hospitality means “the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors or strangers with liberality and good will.” This requirements of a guest have traditionally been food, beverages and lodging or shelter.

Defining the hospitality Broadly speaking, Hospitality is the act of kindness in welcoming and looking after the basic needs of guests or strangers, mainly in relation to food, drink and accommodation The hospitality industry consists of all those businesses that give their customers any combination of the three core services of food, drink and accommodation, at an appropriate service level, within a physical and social environment that caters for their physiological, psychological and social needs (Litteljohn, 1990)

Two Key Elements of Hospitality For hospitality to be delivered, there must be some interaction between the customer and service provider  without the customer, hospitality cannot be delivered Hospitality consists of a complex mix of tangible and intangible elements of products

Tangible Services— services that provide for guest expectations using the physical assets of the property. Intangible Services— items of value to guests such as comfort, safety, and enjoyable experiences that meet their emotional needs and expectations.

Defining the Tourism Tourism is: Is the totally of the relationship and phenomena arising from the travel and stay of strangers, provide the stay does not imply the establishment of a permanen resident (Prof.Hunzieker and Prof.Kraft; 1942)

Defining the Tourism Tourism is any activity, event or outcome arising from temporary visits (stays away from home) outside the normal place of residence, for any reason (purpose) other than furthering occupation remunerated from within the place visited (Leonard J. Lickorish and Carson L. Jenkins, 1997) The entire industry of travel (hotels, transportation and other components) that serve the needs and wants of travelers

The hospitality industry The hospitality and tourism industry (H&T industry) meets the needs of people with kindness and goodwill while they are away from their homes. Segments of the hospitality industry include lodging and food service. Segments of the tourism industry include travel, tourism, and sports and entertainment events.

Scope of the Hospitality Industry

Characteristics of the Hospitality Industry

Career Prospect of the Hospitality Industry Positive Views Variety of Career Choices Opportunities to Meet People with Different Backgrounds Long-Term Career Development Fringe Benefits Enjoyed by Employees Negative Views Long and Non-Regular Working Hours Work Under Pressure Low Starting Salary Perceptions of Low Job Status

Career Prospect of the Hospitality Industry Variety of Career Choices Due to the booming development of the hospitality and tourism industry, many new hotels and restaurants are opened for catering the needs of both the visitors and locals. It facilitates a huge demand of labor in the market, especially in some developing countries. Career choices are not limited to Hong Kong but other countries offered by international chains. And the job natures are broad, ranging from different back-of-the-house to front-of-the-house positions in the hospitality industry.

Career Opportunities Career Opportunity Areas of Business Hospitality Hotels Restaurants Bars, pubs, clubs, cafes Holiday resorts and spa Casinos Catering and food service organizations Convention and conference centres Shipping or cruise liners Tourism Travel agencies Airlines Tour wholesale companies Convention or exhibition centers Tour operators, Ecotourism operators Tourism authorities, Government/ state tourism offices Car rental organizations Tourist information center Tour guiding

Career Prospect of the Hospitality Industry Opportunities to Meet People with Different The success of a hospitality service highly depends on the human contact between staff and customers. Having a chance to work in the industry, particularly in some front line positions means that there would be many opportunities for one to meet and communicate with people with different backgrounds and cultures. For example, a hotel receptionist can perceive his/her position as a tourist ambassador, which can be enjoyable and challenging.

Career Prospect of the Hospitality Industry Long-Term Career Development It is common that most people have to start their careers from the entry-level. However, the career paths are always quite clear for employees and there are always opportunities for them to get promoted and proceed to management levels based on their experience and performance. Successful stories are numerous in this sector and someone starting from room attendant can finally turn into the general manager of a hotel.

Career Prospect of the Hospitality Industry Long live career

Career Prospect of the Hospitality Industry Fringe Benefits Enjoyed by Employees Different from other business and service operations, staff working in hotels and food service operations can usually enjoy some other benefits in addition to the basic salaries, annual bonus and insurance coverage. For example, hotel and restaurant staff are normally provided with 2 duty meals in their work days. Some hotel staff are also allowed to enjoy a discount rate or associate rate for booking rooms, which can be even applied to hotel outlets under the same brand all over the world

Career Prospect of the Hospitality Industry Long and Non-Regular Working Hours Shift works are very common in food and beverage and accommodation sectors. Despite of morning and evening shifts, some positions require staff to work overnight, such as night auditors in the front desk and security officers. As there are no such things of public holidays, staff are always required to work on weekends or special days, such as Christmas and Easter, etc. “Long working hours” seem to be the implicit norm of many positions in the hospitality industry. The concerns about the bad effects on one’s health and family lifelead to people’s hesitation in joining the industry.

Career Prospect of the Hospitality Industry Work Under Pressure In most situations, staff are expected to provide “quick” and “high quality” services without keeping their customers from waiting. The pressure of maintaining the service efficiency and consistency, especially in peak seasons could be tremendous. The need for frequent communications with customers has especially created intense pressure to staff in front line positions. Receiving complaints or handling angry customers are resistances for people in starting their careers in this industry.

Career Prospect of the Hospitality Industry Low Starting Salary Hospitality industry offers many relatively low skilled entry level jobs. With the exceptions of management or positions which require fluency of languages or specific skills, staff with no experience generally have low starting salaries. The differences between large-scaled and small-scaled hotels or food service operations lead to further variations in staff salaries.

Career Prospect of the Hospitality Industry Perceptions of Low Job Status As mentioned above that many positions are low skilled in the hospitality industry, some people would think their job status are relatively lower when compared with other industries, such as banking and finance. The misperceptions of ‘being a servant to others’ in the Chinese culture plus other negative views introduced above have also discouraged many graduates from joining the industry