Integrity and Ethics निष्ठा/इमान्दारिता र सदाचार

Presentation outline Concept and foundation of integrity and ethics Public sector integrity and ethics National integrity system Factors affecting integrity and ethical behaviour Integrity promoting approaches

Methodology Interactive lecture Exercise: Individual Group Video clip

Discussion What clients expect from service providers? What citizens do before going to public office to get service? Why? How is our service delivery? Do service receivers trust service providers?

Case: Gautam Buddha Airport

Case: Gautam Buddha Airport

Case: Gautam Buddha Airport

Case: Gautam Buddha Airport

Case: Gautam Buddha Airport

Issues खाद्य वस्तुमा अखाद्य वस्तु मिसावट गर्ने प्रवृति बढ्यो (http://www.news24nepal.tv/2017/07/13/161499) कानुनी शासनको मुख्य बाधक भ्रष्टाचार - गृहमन्त्री, जनार्दन शर्मा, कोलम्बो सञ्चारमाध्यमलाई जवाफदेही बनाउन आमसञ्चार नीति आवश्यक दाताले प्रहरीलाई दिए तीनकरोड भन्दा बढीको जग्गा, दातालाई गरियो सम्मान तराईमा प्रहरीको शुद्धीकरण अभियान खोटाङमा विद्यार्थीले जिशिअलाई नै छड्के निरीक्षण गर्न विद्यालयमा बोलाए फोन र इन्टरनेट सेवा गतिलो नभए ग्राहकलाई क्षतिपूर्ति दिनुपर्ने/सेवाप्रदायकको लाइसेन्स खारेजीगरिने

Issues व्यवसायीद्वारा साल्ट ट्रेडिङलाई चिनीको बिक्रि रोक्न दबाव प्रधानमन्त्री प्रचण्डले राजीनामा दिने भोलिबाट भक्तपुरमा साझाका २० बसले सेवा थाल्ने भ्रष्ट कर्मचारीलाई उडिरहेको हेलिकोप्टरबाट फ्याक्ने फिलिपिन्सका राष्ट्रपतिको चेतावनी सरकारी कार्यालयमा खुलेआम घुसखोरी : TI प्रतिवेदन अब देखि मोबाइलबाटै राहदानी आवेदन सबै ट्याक्सीमा ६ महिनाभित्रै बिलिङ प्रणाली चोर पक्रिन हेलिकोप्टर चार्टर ! न्यायालयमा राजनीतिक छाया सुन समातिन्छ, मालिक हराउँछन्

Discussion तपाई परिवारसहित रेस्टुरेन्टमा खाना खान जाँदा चार प्रकारका खानेकुरा अर्डर गर्नुभयो तर वेटरले बिलबनाउदा तीन प्रकारका खानेकुराको मात्र बनाएको पाउनुभयो l तपाई के गर्नुहुन्छ? अफिसियल कामको सन्दर्भमा कतै जादा तपाईलाई कुनै गन्तब्यसम्म पुर्याईसकेपछि ट्याक्सी ड्राइभरले खाली बिल दियो l तपाई के गर्नुहुन्छ? अफिसमा धेरै समयदेखि प्रयोगमा नआएको एउटा सानो सामान घरमा सारै आवश्यक परेको छ l तपाई के गर्नुहुन्छ? के त्यो सामान घरलानु चोरी हो? एकजना महिलाले तपाईको अगाडी money-bag खसालिन र एकजना अर्कैब्यक्तिले टिपेको देख्नुभयो ! तपाई के गर्नुहुन्छ? कार्यालय समय १० – ५, तर कर्मचारी ढिलो आउने र चाडै जाने l तपाई के भन्नु/गर्नु हुन्छ ?

Video 3 Idiots: Raju’s Job Interview How is the behavior of Raju? What makes him different than others?

Let us define integrity Work in group Present your thoughts in picture/ diagram/symbol to explain what does integrity mean to you as an individual and at your workspace. Each group have 15 minutes to prepare and 5 minutes to present.

Integrity The word "integrity" stems from the Latin adjective ‘integer’ means whole, complete. … is the inner sense of "wholeness" deriving from qualities such as honesty and consistency of character. … is a concept of ‘consistency’ of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations, and outcomes.

Integrity … is knowing right things to do and doing the right things. … is being true to oneself, i.e. acting according to own-self.

Integrity Integrity is the alignment of four factors: Accountability Competence Ethical Behaviour Corruption

Integrity factors Accountability Competence Ethical behaviour Transparency Access to information Consistency Social responsibility Clarity Open to stakeholders Professionalism Quality Effectiveness Reliability Responsiveness Trustworthy Fairness Honesty Lawfulness Anti-corruption Social justice Respecting rights Confidentiality Without corruption ( Bribes, Patronage, Greed, Theft, Plagiarism, Exploitation, Manipulation) (with corruption control) - Integrity Action

Ethics and ethical behaviour A set of moral principles and standards of “right” behavior and conduct. Right or wrong, good or bad in actions that affects others. A group of moral principles or set of values that define or direct us to the right choice.

Ethics and ethical behaviour A set of norms to show ideal human behavior in society. Higher ethical standard and practices are critical in administering work to gain public trust. Ethical behavior is the standards that you hold for yourself of the attributes of honesty, responsibility, and how you treat others in all facets of your life.

Public sector ethics and integrity Public ethics refers to the collection of values and norms, moral standards or principles that form the foundation of integrity. Civil servant integrity Commitment to work Competency and ethical character Transparency, trust and trustworthiness Public or organisation integrity is that set of characteristics that justify trustworthiness and generate trust among stakeholders. (Integrity Action, 2016).

Public sector ethics: critical aspects Publicness in public service Capacity of public sector Healthy governance Effective prevention Sharp detection Robust prosecution and recovery Culture of integrity in public service Motivated primarily by money or professional fulfilment Sense of ownership: attachment, team sprit, proudness, …

National integrity system Foundations: Politics: service to the nation and the people Society: purity in character of public life Economy: emphasizes fairness and stands against cheating Culture: truthfulness, honesty and integrity All these possess values that stand against corruption and abuse of authority

How you see Nepali public secotor integrity?

National integrity system Over time, however, all four have lost their core because of the race for power in politics, commercialization in society, profit in economy and contamination and malpractices in culture. People have simply forgotten the values with consumerism and materialism. That is the reason why practices such as corruption and abuse of authority flourish. Integrity Study, Nepal 2012

Factors affecting integrity and ethical behaviour Employee as an Individual Internal/ Organizational External Environment Family Influences Policies, Code of conduct Government regulations Religious / Cultural values Behaviour of leaders, supervisors, peers and subordinates Norms and values of politics – political behaviour Personal standards, and needs Organisational culture Ethical climate of society- social values and norms My Choice How does religion affect – example rebirth Ethical Behaviour

Integrity promoting approaches A lawyer’s approach Toughening laws & legislations A businessman’s approach Offering incentives to officials to disengage from corruption (buy out corruption). A market or an economist’s approach Introduce or increase competition An institutional approach Genuine political/leadership commitment

Promoting integrity and ethics Identify and name an integrity problem Knowledge of the legislation, codes, standards, related to the problem Identify the solution

Things We Need! Organisation: Commitment Clear set of values and standards Communication of values and standards Continuous and consistent actions Moreover, Acknowledge that “it starts with me!” Establish a legend; let it be disseminated Be wiling to pay price

References Graaf, Gjalt De, 2007, Causes Of Corruption: Towards A Contextual Theory Of Corruption, Public Administration Quarterly, 39-86. Jain, Arvind, 2001, Corruption: A Review, Journal of Economic Surveys Vol 15, No.1, 71-121 Pinto, Jonathan; Carrie R. Leana; Frits K. Pil, 2008, Corrupt Organizations Or Organizations Of Corrupt Individuals? Two Types Of Organization-level Corruption, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 33, No. 3, 685–709 http://integrityaction.org/ Adhikari, S.H., 2014, Patron-Client Politics and Governance System of Nepal, submitted to Seoul National University, Republic of Korea, 2014 Adhikari, S.H., Gupta, A.K., & Shrestha, G.L. (2016). Level, Pattern and Trend of Corruption (Analysis Based on the Corruption and Improper Conducts' Cases Published by Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority, Nepal). Lalitpur, Nepal: Nepal Administrative Staff College.