LANDSCAPES (of NY ESRT p 2 and pgs 302-320 in review book) NY is special because it has all three types of landscapes – mountains, plains, and plateaus. Landscapes develop due to differences in geology and climate Humid climates- landscapes are usually rounded Arid climates- characterized by sharp angles and steeper slopes 1. WHY?

2. The Catskills- Are they mountains? Read this article to find out: http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/destinations/trail-guides/catskill-mountains-hiking-guide.htm

Plateau Flat land with horizontal strata which has experienced uplift Valleys carved by downcutting streams Ex) Grand Canyon, Catskills Strata- layers of sedimentary rock 3 Think: if the landscape were not uplifted, would you see the layers?

UPLIFT

4 See the layers? What type of rock makes up a plateau?

5 6 Which is the hanging wall? Which is the footwall? Do you see evidence of tectonic activity in this plateau? Name it. 6 Which is the hanging wall? Which is the footwall?

Mountains orogeny- mountain building event High peaks and deep valleys May include all 3 types of rock (igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary) Strata is often folded and sometimes faulted. Ex) Rockies, Alps, Himalayas NY ancient mountains: Taconic and Adirondacks Sneak peek to next unit: check out ESRT pgs 8-9. When did the Adirondacks form? When did the Taconic orogeny happen? 7 8

How are the Taconic and Catskills different? 9 How are the Taconic and Catskills different?

Adirondack Mountains Taconic Mountains WHY are they so small? 10

Which type of plate boundary once existed here? 11 Which type of plate boundary once existed here? State two pieces of evidence. 11 a

12 What happened to the layers? 13 What type of rock is often found here?

_______ _______ ______ Plains Generally flat and at low elevation Horizontal strata RELIEF The change in elevation between highest and lowest places. Put the landscapes in order from greatest to least relief _______ _______ ______ 14

What type of rock is under the surface? What does it look like? It looks so plain! 15 What type of rock is under the surface? What does it look like?

Drainage Patterns

16 What does this mean?

Drainage Patterns Bedrock effects how the landscape looks according to its resistance to weathering and erosion. Stream drainage patterns are influenced by the rock beneath them. Dendritic - treelike, flat relatively uniform materials. Found on plains (veins) Annular – surrounding an exposed intrusion with upturned layers or around an anticline. (dart board) Radial – central point drainage. Ex. mountain or volcano. Pattern extends outward down the steep landscape from the highest point. Trellis or rectangular - abrupt bends in stream (90° ), pattern influenced by faulted bedrock.

17 18 Which type of drainage pattern do each of the landscapes pictured have?

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Hint: use page 4 and the key on page 3 in the ESRT 21 22 Hint: use page 4 and the key on page 3 in the ESRT http://www.regentsearth.com/Illustrated%20ESRT/Page%202%20%28Landscapes%29/Landscape%20Review.pdf

The End!