APPROACHES TO ANALYZING MEDIA GENRES (DISCOURSE ANALYSIS)

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Structuralism Semiotic. Definition Semiotic / semiology => The study of sign and sign-using behavior a domain of investigation that explores the nature.
Advertisements

Introduction to Linguistics for lawyers
Observational Studies Observing in the Field. Two types of observation Nonparticipant observation. Researcher is not part of the activity taking place,
Choosing a research approach: What type of qualitative research should we use?
Chapter 15 Ethnographic Designs
RECAP  Ethical and Sustainable Design for Fashion, Textiles, Interiors and our Future  Ethical and Sustainable Design vs Conventional design and production.
Introduction to Media Language
Research methods for investigating academic writing: practices and text perspectives Caroline Coffin, The Open University, UK Sue Hood, University of Technology.
Introduction to Media Studies KEY CONCEPTS: Media Language.
Strategies for Analyzing PO ET RY CLOSE READING Alessio and HamasPiscataway High School.
Dr. Doris Correa Universidad de Antioquia Escuela de Idiomas Summer
Higher / Int2 Media Studies The Key Concepts: Language.
Qualitative Data Analysis: An introduction Carol Grbich Chapter 18: Conversation analysis.
Overview of Discourse Analysis 1. Pragmatics and Politeness Theory ( ) 2. Ethnography of Speaking ( ) 3. Interactional Sociolinguistics ( )
LITERARY THEORY 101.
Discourse Analysis Dr. Raymond Oenbring COB Lin 225.
LANGUAGE, ACTION, BEWILDERMENT! PROBLEMS OF IDENTITY AND RESEARCH STRATEGY Martyn Hammersley The Open University.
HYMES (1964) He developed the concept that culture, language and social context are clearly interrelated and strongly rejected the idea of viewing language.
Discourse and Pragmatics Week 8 Context and Culture.
Chapter Thirteen Rhetorical and Critical Analyses: Understanding Text And Image In Words.
Corpus approaches to discourse
1 The Structure of Collaborative Problem Solving in a Virtual Math Team Gerry Stahl the Drexel.
Language, Ideology and Power Lecture 1: Language, Discourse and CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis)
Broadcasting: Concepts and Contexts Chris Gilgallon.
Connotation Definition: Refers to the associations that are connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to that word. Example: The.
Introduction to Media Studies
Denotation and Connotation
What representation is not… Media instantaneously planting images and thoughts in our heads.
Importance of media language Every medium has its own ‘language’ – or combination of languages – that it uses to communicate meaning. Television, for example,
Defining Discourse.
Today’s Topic: Characteristics of non-positivist research.
Discourse Analysis Week 10 Riggenbach (1999) Chapter 1 - Quotes.
11 English Semiotics and advertising. AIDA Attention Attention Every ad competes with many other ads. It must have something about it that attracts attention.
Genre Knowledge and Genre Analysis: 2 readings on Genre Thanks in part to Dr. Angela Rounsaville, Assistant Professor, Department of Writing and Rhetoric,
Grounded theory, discourse analysis and hermeneutics Part Two – Discourse Analysis ERPM001 Interpretive Methodologies Dr Alexandra Allan.
Connotation vs. Denotation. Denotation All words have a denotation. This is a word’s literal meaning that you find in a dictionary. For example, if you.
By Laura Pound and Beatrice Fatusin.  Media Languages can be Written 2. Verbal 3. Non – verbal 4. Visual 5. Aural (Personal responses: We felt.
What is Ethnography? Martyn Hammersley The Open University NCRM Research Methods Festival 2008.
Using Discourse Analysis on News Media Content
Use of Literature in Language Teaching
Collecting Written Data
Social Research Methods
Defining Discourse.
What is discourse analysis?
DEFINITION CDA is an analytical research methodology that proposes a study of the relations between discourse, power, dominance and social inequality Accordingly,
Connotation and Denotation
How do the characters within the piece of art feel?
How Signs Are Used And Understood
Approaches to Discourse Analysis
Recapping Signs of Life Introduction and “Writing about Popular Culture” Eng 107.
OVERVIEW OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Ambiguities & epistemology (ways to know and produce knowledge): documentary as organized ethnographic texts SM6324 Dr. Linda C.H. LAI.
Denotation and Connotation
Intro to Film Analysis and Theory (but first, a brief overview of Cultural Studies) overview of the “Introduction” from Film Analysis, edited by Jeffrey.
Ethnography of Communication Somayyeh Pedram GS31063
A Level English Language
Representation SAC Preparation
Communication Process
Semiotics Structuralism.
The Ethnography of Communication ( EC )
Starter Following what we covered in the last session, match the terms with their correct definitions. Mode Representation Genre Register Put these terms.
Diction, denotation, and connotation
Jewitt, C. (2014). The Routledge Handbook of Multimodal Analysis
Presented by : Amna H.Ali MA Student
Message, Meaning, Connotation, Denotation
Discourse Analysis.
WORLD-READINESS STANDARDS FOR LEARNING LANGUAGES
What is Discourse Analysis
Language in the Media Lesson 2.
Connotation and Denotation
Presentation transcript:

APPROACHES TO ANALYZING MEDIA GENRES (DISCOURSE ANALYSIS) 19 October 2016

OUTLINE What is discourse analysis (DA) Conversation analysis Ethnographic approaches to DA Corpus-based DA Multimodal DA Critical DA

WHAT IS DA? “Discursive turn” in social sciences Interdisciplinary field of inquiry Definition of DA: “the analysis of linguistic behavior , written and spoken, beyond the limits of individual sentences, focusing primarily on the meaning constructed and interpreted as language is used in particular social contexts.”

WHAT IS DA? Main features: Analysis of language beyond the sentence Analysis of “language in use” Interdisciplinarity

WHAT IS DA? Two levels of DA: • A macro-sociological level: “serves to transmit the social structure, the values, the systems of knowledge, all the deepest and most pervasive patterns of the culture”. • A micro-sociological level: “meanings are seen as specific to particular contexts and situations”.

DEVELOPMENTS IN DA Recent developments in DA: • The role of semiotic modes other than written or spoken text • Varieties of new media of communication

CONVERSATION ANALYSIS

Conversation Analysis • Sacks, Schegloff, Jefferson • Based on ethnomethodology • Definition: “the description and explication of the competences that ordinary speakers use and rely on in participating in intelligible, socially organized interaction”. • Discourse is regarded as a kind of social action – we are always “doing things with our words”.

Conversation Analysis What is analyzed: • Informal conversations between equals • Institutional types of discourse • The mechanics of turn-taking • The concept of adjacency pair Methods: • Detailed transcriptions of natural talk

CONVERSATIONAL ANALYSIS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MtOG5PK8xDA (from 04:10 to 9:35)

ETHNOGRAPHIC APPROACHES TO DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

ETHNOGRAPHY Emphasis on social context regarded as the central aspect of communication Gumperz and Hymes: “ethnography of communication” Less reliance on actual analysis of linguistic data and more on text-external social and contextual factors

ETHNOGRAPHY Methods: Observation of practices with the help of new technologies – then their interpretation Collection of documents Interviews, questionnaires, field notes, … Exploring a particular social group’s discourse practices…

Watch video: language, media and 24/7 videorecording (“The Birth of a Word”) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RE4ce4mexrU

CORPUS-BASED DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

CORPUS-BASED DA Baker, Biber,… Works with large amounts of text General corpora representing language use in a variety of contexts, both written and spoken (e.g., Bank of English, British National Corpus) Specialized corpora – the study of language variations in specific academic and professional genres

CORPUS-BASED DA

CORPUS-BASED DA

MULTIMODAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

MULTIMODAL DA Text is just one of the many modes of communication Textual data is not necessarily the most important mode used for the construction and interpretation of meaning Analysis of semiotic modes other than text: gestures, posture, proxemics, visual images, document layout, music and architectural design...

MULTIMODAL DA The sign = signifier + signified (Saussure) Signifier – phonological sound or graphic appearance of a sign (e.g., word, image,…) Signified – the meaning and interpretation of the sign

MULTIMODAL DA Denotation – refers to the literal meaning of a sign. It is the dictionary definition of a word – e.g., snake – “any of numerous scaly, legless, sometimes venomous reptiles”. Connotation – refers to the associations that are connected to a certain sign such as emotional suggestions related to a word. The connotative meanings of a word exist together with the denotative meanings. E.g., the connotations for snake might include danger or evil.

Denotation: a brown cross Connotation: a symbol of religion, a Denotation: a brown cross Connotation: a symbol of religion, a symbol of Christianity

What could the denotation and connotation of this sign be analyzed What could the denotation and connotation of this sign be analyzed? (writers often deliberately select words that they think will influence your reactions and appeal to your emotions)

Denotation: where a person lives Connotation: HOME – cozy, loving, comfortable HOUSE – the actual building or structure RESIDENCE – large, cold, no feeling DWELLING – primitive or basic surroundings

SIGNIFIER: Blonde Hair Signifies: Ideal Woman, Innocence, Looks ‘gold’ SIGNIFIER: Jewellery Signifies: Extravagance, Excess, Glamour, Decadance SIGNIFIER: Font Signifies: Dior Logo, Brand Name, Designer SIGNIFIER: Word ‘Love’ Signifies: Passion, Excitement, Lust SIGNIFIER: Colour Gold Signifies: Luxury, Riches, Expense, Success, Shimmering SIGNIFIER: Perfume Bottle Signifies: Looks Jewel-like, Buried Treasure

Facial Expression/Body Language SIGNIFIER: Water/Ocean Wave SIGNIFIES: Wild, Stormy, Natural, Earthly SIGNIFIER: Facial Expression/Body Language SIGNIFIES: Ecstatic, pleasure lost in ecstacy, laid back, inviting SIGNIFIER: Mans Naked Torso SIGNIFIES: Natural, angelic, pure, toned, ideal, masculine, adonis SIGNIFIER: Words ‘Cool Water’ SIGNIFIES: Refreshing, different, SIGNIFIER: Droplets on Bottle SIGNIFIES: Cool, chilled appearance, almost drinkable SIGNIFIER: Calligraphy Style Font SIGNIFIES: Classic, timeless, expensive tastes

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

CRITICAL DA Focus on socio-political domination: notions of ideology, power, hierarchy, and gender are seen as relevant for an interpretation or explanation of text Small qualitative case studies as well as large data corpora Fairclough, Wodak, Van Dijk

CRITICAL DA Language is not powerful on its own – it gains power by the use powerful people make of it, specifically in new public spaces or new genres provided by globalized media Media Analysis of US Coverage of Arab-Israeli Conflict: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qIOzo82emA0 (from 6:09)