Differentiation in Somatic Cells

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
A Closer Look Tissues of the human body. Epithelial Tissues The lining, covering and glandular tissue of the body. Functions include: Protection. Absorption.
Advertisements

Differentiation and Stem Cells
Levels Of Organization
Differentiation in Somatic Cells Higher Human Biology Unit 1 – Sub-Topic 1 (b)
Cells and Tissues. Epithelial Tissue Covers body surfaces and lines body cavities. Functions include lining, protecting, and forming glands. Three types.
TISSUES!. OBJECTIVES  Students will learn about the four different types of tissues that make up organs.
The Human Body. Structural Organization in Animals Anatomy and Physiology…what’s the difference? -the study of the form of an organisms structures (parts).
SC.912.L  Why is the body made of different tissues?  What is the advantage/contribution of each type of tissue?
Differentiation Higher Human Biology. Differentiation unspecialised cells become altered and adapted perform a specialised function permanent tissue Division.
Cell Specialization Histology PowerPoint.
Vertebrate Body Structure
Division and Differentiation in Human Cells Writing in RED indicates the SQA outcomes. Writing in BLACK explains these outcomes in depth.
Epithelial Tissues. Simple Squamosal epithelium Single layer of thin flattened cells Allow substances to pass through easily. Found lining the lungs,
Levels Of Organization From systems to cells. Levels of organization l Atoms l Molecules l Cells l Tissues l Organs l Systems l Organisms l Populations.
Chapter 40: An Introduction to Animal Structure & Function.
IB Biology HL 1 Mrs. Peters Fall Organization of Living Things Cells: either unicellular or multicellular Tissues: only in multicellular organisms,
Tissues (Tissues). Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Tissues  Cells are specialized for particular functions.
Tissue Chapter 20. What you need to know! The hierarchy of animal structure The four types of tissue and their general function.
Cell Specialization/Differentiation. Specialized Cells/ Cell Differentiation  Multicellular organisms contain a wide range of different cells.  Every.
(1) Division and differentiation in human cells
Differentiation and Stem Cells
Cell Specialization and Differentiation
Nervous and Muscle Tissue, Membranes & Repair
Connective Tissue.
THE TISSUE LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION
THE TISSUE LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION
Body Tissues Human Body Systems © 2014 Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Cells and tissues.
Types of Tissues CP.
Tissues of the Human Body
Organization of Cells in Living Things – Ch. 7-3
The Organization of Living Things
Levels Of Organization
Tissues Lab Bio – Cell Project.
ThE Four Tissue Types.
Tissues, Organs and Systems
Levels Of Organization
Tissue Structure and Function
Tissues, Organs and Systems
Animal Tissues A Quick Introduction.
Levels Of Organization
Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous
Types of Tissues.
Embryological Development
Tissues Lab Bio – Cell Project.
INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BIOLOGY pp
Chapter 5 tissues.
Levels Of Organization
Tissue differentiation
Similar Cells serving the same purpose
INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BIOLOGY pp
Tissue Structure and Function
Tissues of the Body.
Anatomy and Physiology I
THE TISSUE LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION
Tissue differentiation
Tissues Notes.
Levels Of Organization
The Hierarchy… Alveolar cells Alveolar tissue Lung (organ)
Human Body Tissues.
From cells to organisms
Human Biology ATAR Year 11 Chapter 5 Pages
….and I don’t mean Kleenex
Body Tissues Human Body Systems © 2014 Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Muscle & Nervous Tissue
Organization within the Human Body
Histology Review & Visual Quiz
LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION
STEM 2 Body Tissues.
Body Tissues Human Body Systems © 2014 Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Presentation transcript:

Differentiation in Somatic Cells Higher Human Biology Unit 1 – Sub-Topic 1 (b)

Learning Intention To discuss what somatic cells are and cells that arise from the differentiation of somatic cells.

Somatic cells – What is a somatic cell? B Lymphocyte Smooth muscle Hyaline cartilage

Somatic cells - examples Ciliated epithelial cell neutrophil Red blood cell platelets

Somatic cells - examples Cardiac muscle Squamous epithelial cells T lymphocyte Nerve cells

Somatic cells divide by mitosis to form more somatic cells Somatic cells are the differentiated cells that form the different types of body tissue that exist. Somatic cells divide by mitosis to form more somatic cells Somatic cells are produced by cellular differentiation where a cell develops more specialised functions by expressing the specific genes needed for each cell type. Please see comments in Teacher notes regarding protein expression

Tissues and organs Body organs are formed from a variety of tissues made from somatic cells. E.g. Epithelial cells which cover the body surface and line body cavities (E.g bladder, respiratory etc) Connective tissue includes blood, bone and cartilage cells Muscle cells form muscle tissue Nerve cells form nervous tissue

proteins characteristic for that type of cell. Once a cell becomes differentiated it only expresses the genes that produce the proteins characteristic for that type of cell. DON’T MEMORISE. Remember that specialised blood cells are produced by cell division ( mitosis) and gradually become different as they specialise by:- Differentiation specialised genes being switched on for each cell type only making specialised proteins to help them perform their function

Think………… Can you name a specialised protein in each of the somatic cells below? Red Blood Cell Phagocyte Lymphocyte Thrombocycte

Give an account, with examples, of the different body tissue types and their functions. (8 marks) Body tissue cells derive from somatic stem cells … by repeated mitosis. Epithelial tissue - covers the organ surfaces. Protection - skin / secretion - intestinal glands / absorption - villi. Connective tissue - gives shape to organs and supports them. Protection - skull bones / structural framework - ribs / storage of energy - adipose tissue / connecting body organs - blood / connecting epithelial to muscle tissue - cartilage (in tendons) Muscle tissue - which causes locomotion or movement within organs. Skeletal muscle - locomotion / smooth muscle - in arterioles control of access to capillary bed / cardiac muscle - contraction of the heart. Nervous tissue - which transmits messages between the central nervous system and the rest of the body (and within the central nervous system). Neurons - conduct impulses / glial cells - maintain a constant environment for neurons.

Learning Outcomes Somatic cells divide by mitosis to form more somatic cells. (b) Cellular differentiation is the process by which a cell develops more specialised functions by expressing the genes characteristic for that type of cell. (c) Once a cell becomes differentiated it only expresses the genes that produce the proteins characteristic for that type of cell.