Duck species native to Trinidad Produced by: Mr. Riyadh Mohammed Assigned to: Dr. G.W. Garcia Course: AGLS 6001, Tropical Animal Science Deliverable 3: Presentation 3

Outline of Presentation Objectives Where is Trinidad Duck species native to Trinidad Discussion Conclusion

Objectives To investigate the native species of ducks that live in Trinidad To emphasise on the importance of these birds

Where is Trinidad? Between 100 north and 11.50north latitude and between 600 west and 620 west latitude 4,826 km area Second largest island in the English speaking Caribbean countries. Politically associated with the West Indies but biogeographically related to the South American islands (Wall 2012, 1-4)

Duck Species Native to Trinidad Fulvous Whistling-Duck White-faced whistling-Duck Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Snow Goose Comb Duck American Wigeon Green-winged Teal Mallard duck Northern Pintail White-cheeked Pintail Blue Winged Teal Northern Shoveler Ring-necked Duck Lesser Scaup Masked Duck Southern Pochard Muscovy Duck (GOOSE)

The Fulvous Whistling-Duck I8-21 inches in length Dwell in any type of wet land Consumes mainly in the night Variety of grasses and forages Clutch size of 12-15 eggs Incubation of 24-26 days (Bird Life International 2013, 1)

The Fulvous Whistling-Duck

The White-faced whistling-Duck Distinct white face Length ranges from 38-48 cm Weighs approximately 502-820 g 4-13 eggs 26-28 days Aquatic plants, seeds, grains, rice and also devours small animals such as molluscs and insects (Butchart and Malpas 2013, 1)

The White-faced whistling-Duck

The Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Larger duck as compared to the other whistling ducks Length ranges from 18.5-20.1 in Weigh 23-36 oz or 652-1020g 9-18 eggs 25-30 days Grains, small insects and a variety of grasses (Charles 2012, 1)

The Black-bellied Whistling-Duck

The Snow Goose Medium sized bird with a heavy bill and a long thick neck Shrubs, forbs, sedges and a variety of grasses 2-6 eggs with eggs being 7.9-8.3 cm in length and 5.1-5-5 cm in width Incubation period is 24 days (The Cornell Lab of Ornithology 2012, 2)

The Snow Goose

The Muscovy Duck This duck is not really a “duck”, it’s a goose Ducks don’t have the quacking capabilities as other duck species but are mostly quiet Lay up to 21 eggs Weigh up to 15 lbs 34-36 days (McGowan 2006, 1-2)

The Muscovy Duck

The Comb Duck Pan tropical duck Length ranges from 56-75 cm and weighs up to 2.6 kgs Feed on small fish, invertebrates , seeds, grasses and soft parts of aquatic plants 15 eggs Practice egg dumping which expands the clutch size to up to 50 eggs (Johnson 2012, 1-2)

The Comb Duck

The American Wigeon Medium sized bird Measures 42-59 cm in length with a wing span of 84 cm and weighs 540-1330g Clutch sizes of 3-13 creamy white eggs The courtship process entails movements such as head turning, tail wagging and immediate sudden jumps when in water (Johnson 2012, 1)

The American Wigeon

The Green-winged Teal Migratory duck and has a wide range of habitats Weigh as much as 318-364 g The dabbling motion aids in their feeding technique in and out of water Feed on vegetation such as grains and sedges The clutch size is small ranging from 5-6 eggs with a short incubation period of 23 days (Roof 1999, 1-2)

The Green-winged Teal

The Mallard Duck This breed is the old ancestor of most modern ducks excluding the Muscovy breed 65 cm in length and a 98 cm wing span Weighing approximately 3lbs Females can lay a clutch size of 14 eggs with a creamy greenish colour and incubation lasts for 23-29 days (Johnson 2012, 1)

The Mallard Duck

The Northern Pintail Migratory bird which is medium sized and has extremely long tails Length of 51-76cm Weigh between 500-1450 g As little as 3 eggs with its maximum at 12 all of which are greenish buff in colour (Johnson 2012, 1)

The Northern Pintail

The White-cheeked Pintail Length of 38-51 cm with a wing spans of 55-68cm and weigh between 474-533g Head dipping and diving to forage Clutch size of 5-12 eggs of a creamy white to buff colour Incubation period of 25 days (Flores, Jose and Franscisco 2003, 240)

The White-cheeked Pintail

The Blue Winged Teal length of 40 cm and a wing span of 58 cm and weighs approximately 180 g The duck moults twice per year in their first year of life Clutch size of 6-14 creamy white eggs with eggs having a maximum length of 3.8-5.2 cm and a maximum with of 2.9-3.7cm 19-29 days (Johnson 2012, 1)

The Blue Winged Teal

The Northern Shoveler Dabbling duck which is common worldwide and is a frequent migratory bird Shovelers have a length of 19 in. and a wing span of 30 in. weighing 1.3lbs Hens lay a clutch of 5-20 eggs and incubate them for 22-26 days (Johnson 2012, 1)

The Northern Shoveler

The Southern Pochard Broad blunt tipped wings which enable them to be strong flyers as compared to other duck breeds Their size ranges from 50-53 cm in length Their clutch size ranges from 5-15 eggs Incubation period of 26-28 days (Butchart and Malpas 2013, 1-2)

The Southern Pochard

The Ring-necked Duck Length of 39-46 cm, wing span of 620-64 cm Weigh between 490-910 g The hens lay a clutch size of 6-14 eggs brooding once per year The eggs are 1.9-2.4cm in length and 1.4-1.7cm in width Eggs are incubated in 25-29 days and the nesting period only last 1-2 days (Johnson 2012, 1)

The Ring-necked Duck

The Lesser Scaup 38-48 cm long and weigh 790-850 g approximately These ducks forage and obtain food such as clams, mussels, sedges, bulrushes, wild celery, and rice from fields An average clutch size ranges from 11 eggs but the maximum ever found was a clutch of 26 eggs The incubation period last around 21 days (Sohl 2013, 1)

The Lesser Scaup

The Masked Duck Length of males 14 in. and females have 13 in The mature male weighs 0.90lbs while females weigh 0.75 lbs Nests are found close to rice fields and in rushes and contain 4-6 white eggs with granular shells (Johnson 2012, 1)

The Masked Duck

Discussion 15 native species of ducks that dwell in Trinidad and 2 species of goose Of these natural resources, it can be very economic and logical to use the ducks/geese that are available to us and are already adapted to out tropical conditions for commercial use

Conclusion Of the 17 species available to us in Trinidad, some of the ducks should be reared for eggs (The Lesser Scaup) and some others for meat ( The Muscovy) to lower the dependency of importation of broilers and other foreign breeds and meats and start producing locally

References Birdlife International. 2013. “Fulvous Whistling- duck Dendrocygna bicolour”. Accessed November 11, 2013. http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=349   Butchart, S., Ekstrom, J., Malpas, L. 2013. “Bird Life International”. White- faced Whistling-duck Dendrocygna viduata. Accessed November 11, 2013. http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=352 Butchart, S., Ekstrom, J., Malpas, L. 2013. “Bird Life International”. Southern Pochard Netta erythrophthalma. Accessed November 09, 2013. http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=471 Charles, Afiya. 2012. “The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago”. Dendrocygna autumnalis (Black-bellied Whistling Duck): 1-3. http://sta.uwi.edu/fst/lifesciences/documents/Dendrocygna_autumnalis.pdf Flores, L. Marisel, Cruz-Burgos A. Jose and Vilella J. Franscisco. 2003. “Caribbean Journal of Science”. Predation of a White-cheeked Pintail (Anas bahamensis) duckling by a Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana):240-241. http://caribjsci.org/aug03/39_240_242.pdf Golden Map. 2011. “List of Birds in Trinidad and Tobago”. Accessed November 15, 2013. http://en.goldenmap.com/List_of_birds_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago Johnson, F. Sibylle. 2012. “Avian Web”. American Wigeon. Accessed November 17, 2013. http://www.avianweb.com/americanwigeon.html Johnson, F. Sibylle. 2012. “Avian Web”. Blue Winged Teal. Accessed November 07, 2013. http://www.avianweb.com/bluewingedteals.html

References   Johnson, F. Sibylle. 2012. “Avian Web”. Comb Ducks. Accessed November 04, 2013. http://www.avianweb.com/knobbilledducks.html Johnson, F. Sibylle. 2012. “Avian Web”. Lesser Scaups. Accessed November 09, 2013. http://www.avianweb.com/lesserscaups.html Johnson, F. Sibylle. 2012. “Avian Web”. Mallard Ducks. Accessed November 04, 2013. http://www.avianweb.com/mallard.html Johnson, F. Sibylle. 2012. “Avian Web”. Masked Ducks. Accessed November 10, 2013. http://www.avianweb.com/maskedducks.html Johnson, F. Sibylle. 2012. “Avian Web”. Muscovy Ducks. Accessed November 04, 2013. http://www.avianweb.com/muscovyduck.html Johnson, F. Sibylle. 2012. “Avian Web”. Northern Pintail. Accessed November 04, 2013. http://www.avianweb.com/pintailducks.html Johnson, F. Sibylle. 2012. “Avian Web”. Northern Shovelers. Accessed November 07, 2013. http://www.avianweb.com/shovelers.html Johnson, F. Sibylle. 2012. “Avian Web”. Ring Necked Ducks. Accessed November 09, 2013. http://www.avianweb.com/ringneckedduck.html Johnson, F. Sibylle. 2012. “Avian Web”. White Cheeked Pintails. Accessed November 07, 2013. http://www.avianweb.com/whitecheekedpintail.html

References Kenefick, Martyn.2009. “Seventh Report of the Trinidad and Tobago Rare Birds Committee: Rare Birds in Trinidad and Tobago 2009”. Rare Birds in Trinidad and Tobago: 78-82. http://ttfnc.org/livworld/lw2010/2010p78kenefick.pdf   Mayntz, Melissa. 2013. “Birding/Wild Birds”. Northern Shoveler. Accessed November 07, 2013. http://birding.about.com/od/birdprofiles/p/Northern-Shoveler.htm McGowan, J Kevin. 2006. “Confusing Domestic ducks with Hybrids”. Accessed November 07, 2013. http://www.birds.cornell.edu/crows/domducks.htm Roof, Jennifer. 1999. “Animal Diversity Web” Anas crecca. Accessed November 17, 2013. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Anas_crecca/ Sohl, L. Terry.2013. “Birds and Birding” Lesser Scaup. Accessed November 09, 2013. http://www.sdakotabirds.com/species/lesser_scaup_info.htm Sookdeo, Kris.2009. “The Trinidad and Tobago Nature Link”. Accessed November 11, 2013. http://www.ttnaturelink.com/?s=Ducks The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 2012. “Snow Goose” . Accessed November 07, 2013. http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/snow_goose/lifehistory The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 2012. “Black-bellied Whistling-Duck”. Accessed November 11, 2013. http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Black-bellied_Whistling-Duck/id Wall, Harold.2012. “Central Statistical Office Ministry of Planning and Development Republic of Trinidad and Tobago”. GIS Based Dissemination of Census Data in Trinidad and Tobago: A Caribbean Experience: 1-4. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/meetings/wshops/Trinidad_22Oct07/docs/Countries_presentations/Trinidad_Tobago_Paper.pdf White, G., Devinish C, Fernandez D.F. Diaz, Clay P.R., Davison I. and Yépez I. Zabala.2009. “Important Bird Areas Americas”. Trinidad and Tobago, Birdlife International (Bird Life Conservation Series No. 16: 352-353. http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/userfiles/file/IBAs/AmCntryPDFs/Trinidad_and_Tobago.pdf

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