The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment is called ecology.

The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is a community.

An example of a primary producers Plants

The algae at the beginning of the food chain are primary producers.

In what way are herbivores and carnivores alike? They both obtain energy by consuming other organisms.

What animals eat both producers and consumers? omnivores

What are the three kinds of ecological pyramids? energy, biomass, and numbers

Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest is eliminated as heat.

A word that means the same thing as consumer is heterotroph.

The repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is called the water cycle.

Animals that get energy by eating the carcasses of other animals that have been killed by predators or have died of natural causes are called scavengers.

an abiotic factor in the environment soil type, rainfall, temperature

Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem? predators

What is at the base of all ecological pyramids? producers

The movement of organisms into a range is called immigration.

When the death rate is becoming higher than the birthrate the population is in __________ size? decreasing

Which of the following correctly describes the growth curve? exponential

During some kinds of population growth, the size of each generation of offspring is larger than the generation before it. So, as the population gets larger, it grows more quickly. This situation is called exponential growth.

As resources in a population become less available, the population reaches its carrying capacity.

In a logistic growth curve, exponential growth is the phase in which the population grows quickly.

Something that controls the growth or size of a population is a limiting factor.

Competition, crowding, and disease are examples of ________________ limiting factor density-dependent

A disease resulting in the deaths of one third of a dense population of fish in a lake would be __________ limiting factor. density-dependent

__________ is the scientific study of human populations. Demography

An example of a renewable resource is trees.

Resources that cannot be replaced after they are used up is Nonrenewable resource

How would you describe the pollution shown here? point source pollution

The sulfur and nitrogen compounds in smog combine with water to form acid rain.

The number of different species in the biosphere or in a particular area is called species diversity.

_________ species can threaten biodiversity because they can crowd out native species. Introduced

The land and water ecosystems that provide the resources that a person uses and that neutralize that person’s wastes is part of that person’s ecological footprint.

Who used a compound microscope to see chambers within cork and named them “cells”? Robert Hooke

Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that the cell lacks a nucleus, therefore you know it is a prokaryote.

This type of cell enclose their DNA in a nucleus. eukaryotes

Bacteria are classified as prokaryotes

Which organelle function is to store DNA nucleus

Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful? lysosome

Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus? ribosome

Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use? mitochondrion

Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells? chloroplast

Function of the ___________ is to regulate the movement of materials into and out of the cell cell membrane

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis

Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell? active transport

The term that describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism? homeostasis

A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called a tissue.

An _________is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function. organ system

What are the three parts of an ATP molecule? adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

Energy is released from ATP when a phosphate group is removed.

Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called autotrophs.

Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from external sources are called heterotrophs.

Which letter represents a single thylakoid?

A _________ is a stack of thylakoids. granum

Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found? in the thylakoid membrane

What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis? electron carrier

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy sugars.

In the overall equation for photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water result in a molecule of sugar and six molecules of oxygen.

What are the products of the light-dependent reactions? ATP, NADPH, and oxygen gas

The Calvin cycle is another name for the light-independent reactions.

What is a product of the Calvin cycle? high-energy sugars

The correct sequence of events in cellular respiration? glycolysis  Krebs cycle  electron transport

Equation for cellular respiration? 6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration? glucose and oxygen

a product of cellular respiration? Water and carbon dioxide

Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires oxygen.

Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of ___ ATP molecules. 2

The starting molecule for glycolysis is glucose.

The Krebs cycle produces carbon dioxide.

These molecules pass high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain? NADH and FADH2

Cellular respiration uses 1 molecule of glucose to produce approximately 36 ATP molecules.

The two main types of fermentation are called alcoholic and lactic acid.

The air bubbles and spongy texture of bread are due to which process? alcoholic fermentation

Breathing heavily after running a race is your body’s way of repaying an oxygen debt.