The Reproductive System The Reproductive Hormones The Male Reproductive System LH, FSH and Negative Feedback The Female Reproductive System LH, FSH, Estrogen and Progesterone Controlling Reproduction

The Reproductive Hormones The sex glands or gonads – the testes in males and the ovaries in females – are the primary source of sex hormones Androgens  Males Estrogen and Progesterone  Females ______________

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The Male Reproductive System

Androgen ____________ Androsterone also used but at a lesser extent The process of creating sperm cells Creates about 130 million sperm per day Facial and body hair Growth of larynx (“Adam’s Apple”)

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The Male Body at Work Inhibin Negative Feedback (Negative Feedback)

The Male Body at Work _____________ Pituitary releases Gonadotropic Hormones; Lutenizing hormone (LH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Both FSH and LH work to produce mature sperm.

Male LH Travels to the testes and acts on the Leydig Cells of the interstitium. Promotes Testosterone production ____________

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Negative Feedback (LH) - Testosterone When high levels of testosterone are detected by the hypothalamus, negative feedback occurs ____________  __________________  _____________________

Negative Feedback (FSH) - Inhibin When FSH acts on Sertoli cells, Inhibin is produced. ___________  Inhibits production of FSH

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The Female Reproductive System

The Ovarian Cycle _____________

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Putting them together – What’s Important? _____________ 2) Follicular Phase – ovarian follicles (containing maturing eggs) develop _____________ 3) Ovulation – Egg is released from the ovary _____________ 4) Luteal Phase – formation of the corpus luteum _____________

1) The Flow Phase _____________ Results in cramping and bleeding

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2) Follicular Phase (cycle day 6-13) Estrogen is secreted As follicles develop, estrogen concentration in the blood increases _____________

3) Ovulation __________ Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Ovulation - FSH ___________ Follicles are fluid-filled sacs where an egg grows, matures and is released at ovulation each month. Follicles secrete estrogen (causes the endometrial lining to build up) ………………….

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Follicle Development and Ovulation See how videos are embedded directly into your slides. In slideshow mode, click the image and the video will open in your browswer. Follicle Development and Ovulation

4) Leutual Phase (cycle day 15-28) ____________ Estrogen levels will be slightly lower than follicular phase Progesterone levels are now going to increase Stimulates endometrium (uterine lining) to receive an embryo Inhibits further ovulation Prevents uterine contractions

When an Embryo Does Implant If an egg is fertilized and begins to develop, it must implant in the endometrium of the uterus

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Controlling Reproduction Birth control pills administer estrogen and/or progesterone to females in carefully controlled doses throughout the month in ……………….. No ovulation  no egg  no baby

A Quick Note: _______________ This causes the release of the gonadotropic hormones LH and FSH Same hormone but different pathways in males (testes) and females (ovaries)

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A Quick Note - concluded: Any of the sex hormones present in quantities above or below the normal levels will result in medical issues (can be major or slight) _____________ Presence of or Lack of expected gender based characteristics …………………