The Renaissance and Reformation CHAPTER 15 4/18/2018 CHAPTER 15 The Renaissance and Reformation Section 1: The Italian Renaissance Section 2: The Northern Renaissance Section 3: The Protestant Reformation Section 4: The Catholic Reformation Section 5: Culture and Daily Life

The Italian Renaissance CHAPTER 15 4/18/2018 Section 1: The Italian Renaissance Objectives: Identify the factors that led to the Italian Renaissance and describe the characteristics of Renaissance thought. Explain how Renaissance writers combined classical teachings and Christian doctrine. Describe how Renaissance art differed from art of the Middle Ages.

The Italian Renaissance Section 1: The Italian Renaissance An Era of Awakening Causes – ruins of Roman Empire, Byzantines had preserved Greek and Roman learning, trade with Asia and Africa The humanities – crucial approach to learning, studied classics, admired human achievement

Italian Renaissance Writers Section 1: The Italian Renaissance Italian Renaissance Writers Petrarch – studied classical writers, believed it is important to lead a full and active life here on earth Machiavelli – lack of concern for conventional morality

Italian Renaissance Artists Section 1: The Italian Renaissance Italian Renaissance Artists Realistic scenes and images instead of religious concerns Leonardo da Vinci – The Last Supper and Mona Lisa Michelangelo – Sistine Chapel ceiling

The Northern Renaissance Section 2: The Northern Renaissance Objectives: Explain how the ideas of the Italian Renaissance spread to other parts of Europe. Describe how northern Renaissance writers differed from Italian humanists. List the principal characteristics of northern Renaissance art.

The Northern Renaissance Section 2: The Northern Renaissance The Spread of Ideas Johannes Gutenberg – used movable type to print books, copies of Bible

Northern Renaissance Writers Section 2: The Northern Renaissance Northern Renaissance Writers Desiderius Erasmus – studied early Christian as well as classical culture Thomas More – Utopia William Shakespeare – transformed well-known stories into dramatic masterpieces

Northern Renaissance Artists Section 2: The Northern Renaissance Northern Renaissance Artists Great attention to detail, facial expressions Realistic human figures and subject matter

The Protestant Reformation Section 3: The Protestant Reformation Objectives: Discuss the developments that led to the Reformation. Describe how Martin Luther protested against the Roman Catholic Church and began a new church. Identify the factors that caused the spread of Protestantism. Explain the role that Calvinism played in the Reformation.

The Protestant Reformation Section 3: The Protestant Reformation An Era of Reform Causes – humanists urged believers who were unhappy with traditional religion to withdraw from the church and meet with like-minded people The beginning – popes sold indulgences to raise money

The Protestant Reformation Section 3: The Protestant Reformation Martin Luther Luther’s protest – publicly challenged the selling of indulgences in 95 theses Break with the church – Pope Leo X ex-communicated Luther, Diet of Worms Protestantism – the princes supporting Luther protested the emperor’s treatment of him

The Spread of Protestantism Section 3: The Protestant Reformation The Spread of Protestantism The rise of sects – societies of a few people led by a preacher The Anglican Church – Henry VIII’s desire for a divorce caused him to create the Church of England which did grant the divorce

The Protestant Reformation Section 3: The Protestant Reformation Calvinism Calvin’s church – The Institutes of the Christian Religion emphasized predestination, righteous living Calvinism spreads – Huguenots in France, minorities in Poland, Hungary, Scotland, Netherlands, England, North American colonies

The Catholic Reformation Section 4: The Catholic Reformation Objectives: Describe how the Catholic Church responded to the Reformation. Discuss the results of the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation.

The Counter-Reformation Section 4: The Catholic Reformation The Counter-Reformation Counter-Reformation tactics – inquisition, Index of Forbidden Books The Council of Trent – clarified doctrines, emphasized ceremonies Soldiers of the Counter-Reformation – Jesuits founded by Ignatius de Loyola

Results of the Religious Upheaval Section 4: The Catholic Reformation Results of the Religious Upheaval Diversity of churches appeared Education grew National governments gained more power

Culture and Daily Life Objectives: Section 5: Explain why Europeans believed in superstitions. Describe the characteristics of daily life that were typical in Europe during the Reformation. Explain how knowledge spread to European villages. Identify the factors that caused changes in the daily lives of Europeans.

Culture and Daily Life Superstitions Section 5: The world of spirits – believed God was a distant, unknowable force; people looked for explanations of and control over daily life Belief in witchcraft – wise people who gave explanations were witches

Culture and Daily Life Daily Life Section 5: Forms of recreation – people came together to drink, sew, do simple chores, or tell stories Violence and protest in the village – close-knit communities; quarrels were common

The Spread of Knowledge Section 5: Culture and Daily Life The Spread of Knowledge Books for the masses – broadsides, almanacs Religious ideas and education – printed books became available, primary schools were founded

Culture and Daily Life Changes in Daily Life Section 5: The economy – standard of living rose for some Diet – new spices and vegetables Housing – people moved from country to cities; had only necessities Decline of traditional culture – rational thinking more widespread