Warm Up- Page64 Which 3 european countries controlled Latin America? Why did Latin Americans want independence? Were they successful? How were Latin Americans treated by the Europeans? Where was treatment the worst? Which social class started the revolutions in Latin America? Which country did Miguel Hidalgo free? What part of Latin America did Simon Bolivar free? Who freed Haiti from the French? How was Brazil’s revolution different from the other Latin America Revolutions? Why were revolutions occurring in Europe, were they successful? Which country outlawed slavery?

Warm Up Pick up on my desk Goes on page 78

Unification of Italy and Germany

Italy Compared to the rest of Europe, Italy was far behind Italy was made up of a bunch of different provinces or states. Some of these were controlled by other countries

Italy Unifies Between 1815 and 1848 increasing amounts of Italians no longer wanted to live under foreign rulers Nationalism Italy began small revolutions to kick out the foreign countries Most failed at first

Northern Italy Unifies Count Camillo di Cavour, a wealthy northern Italian from the Kingdom of Piedmont Sardinia, won French support and was able to kick Austria out of Italy Count Cavour is said to have unified Northern Italy

Southern Italy Unifies Giuseppe Garibaldi unified southern Italy Garibaldi then unified the North and the South together Except Papal States

Italy Unifies The last state to join Italy were the Papal State Included Rome where the Pope lives Once the Papal States join, Rome becomes the capital of Italy

Italy faces Problems Northern and southern Italy spoke different versions of Italian The North was more advanced and industrialized (factories) The South focused on agriculture ( farming)

Review 1. Who unified Northern Italy? 2. Who unified Southern Italy? 3. Which states were the last to join Italy? 4. Was Italy weak or strong after unification? 5. Name 2 problems Italy experienced after they unified.

Germany Just like Italy , Germany was not unified The 2 largest German States were Austria-Hungary and Prussia (big military)

Germany Tries to Unify Prussia tried to unify Germany but failed Prussia decided it needed a stronger leader to complete unification and chose Otto Van Bismarck Very ruthless leader

Germany Bismarck eventually became known as a Realpolitik, which means he justified all means to achieve and hold power Bismarck decided he was going to try to unify Germany by taking over Austria

Germany Eventually a war broke out between Austria and Prussia. Prussia won and got control of Northern Germany Bismarck turned his attention to Southern Germany. Many Southerners were Catholic and did not want Bismarck, a protestant controlling them

Germany Bismarck felt he could win support in the south if the south faced an outside threat, so he manipulated France to declare war on Prussia on June 19, 1870. Known as the Franco- Prussian War. After a long battle Germany won and Germans, both southern and northern, rallied around their victorious country ( nationalism)

Germany On January 18, 1871 King Wilhelm I of Prussia was crowned Kaiser, or emperor. Bismarck had achieved Prussian dominance over Germany “by blood and iron” Prussia changes its name to Germany

Review 1. Which country used to be Germany? 2. Who unified Germany? 3. What is a Realpolitik? 4. Which war was created to unify Germany? 5. Why did Bismarck think war was a good idea? 6. Was Germany weak or strong after unification?

Outcome The 1815 Congress of Vienna tried to create 5 great equal powers, Britain, France, Austria, Prussia and Russia By 1871 Britain and Germany were clearly the most powerful- both military and economically Austria, Russia and Italy lagged far behind

Review 1. Which countries were the strongest in Europe by the mid to late 1800s?