RENAISSANCE, REFORMATION, ENLIGHTENMENT

A philosophical and artistic movement that saw a rebirth in Europe

The Renaissance

The inventor of the Printing Press

Johannes Gutenberg

He felt a ruler should be concerned with power and political success

MACHIAVELLI

Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?

It’s location on trade routes, and new knowledge found in the old Roman Empire

Brought on the Reformation

Martin Luther

Movement focused on human achievement and potential and came into conflict with the teachings of the Catholic Church

Humanism

This emphasized the importance of individual achievement without having belief in God

Secularism

At the beginning of time God decided who would be saved, this is known as

Predestination

Pope Paul III acted to end abuses of the Church, define Church Doctrine, and focus on keeping Catholics from leaving the Church with this

Council of Trent

The movement by the Catholic Church to reform church matters and stop the spread of Protestantism

The Counter-Reformation

This resulted in the formation of the Anglican Church

King Henry VIII was denied an annulment by the Pope

Humanist scholars focused on this

The Greek & Roman Classics and worldly subjects

He was known as the Renaissance Man because of his accomplishments in many areas

Michelangelo

Thomas More is known for this

He wrote Utopia

Having a worldly focus vs a religious focus

Secular

Language of every day people

Vernacular

Discovered the law of gravity

Isaac Newton

Wrote the Wealth of Nations focused on Capitalism

Adam Smith

Founded the Jesuit order of Priests

Ignatius of Loyola

His philosophy was Government was to protect people’s natural rights “Life, Liberty, & Property

John Locke

He is credited with the creation of the Heliocentric model of the universe

Nicholas Copernicus

They discovered the natural laws of human society as well as the natural world (social science)

Enlightenment Thinkers

A ruler who embraced the principles of the Enlightenment, allowing some Enlightenment thought into their governments, but did not limit their power

Enlightenment Despots

The Enlightenment developed out of the ideas of this……..

The Scientific Revolution

He believed that people were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish and should enter into social contract, only a strong absolute monarchy could guarantee an orderly society

Thomas Hobbes

This Enlightenment Thinker came up with the concept of the Separation of Powers

Montesquieu

He believed the role of Government was to protect the people’s natural rights

John Locke

He said the earth was the center of the Universe

Ptolemy

He said the universe is sun-centered

Copernicus

Enlightenment thinker who said people are good, the evils of society corrupts them “Man is born free, yet everywhere he is in chains”

Rousseau

U.S. Bill of Rights used his theory of freedom of speech and religion

Voltaire

He discovered the orbit of the planets are oval in nature

Johannes Kepler

The step of the Scientific Method that allowed one to make an educated guess

The Hypotheses

The Peace of Augsburg did this

Gave German rulers the right to choose the religion of their state

Northern Renaissance writer who focused on human behavior, using stories of his time to create masterpieces – always avoiding religious themes

William Shakespeare