by Frank J. Landy & Jeffrey M. Conte, 2/e Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial-Organizational Psychology by Frank J. Landy & Jeffrey M. Conte, 2/e

Industrial-Organizational Chapter 1 An Introduction to Industrial-Organizational Psychology

Module 1.1: Fundamentals of I-O Psychology Importance of I-O psychology Importance of work in people’s lives What is I-O psychology? SIOP (Division 14 of APA) Fields of I-O psychology Personnel psychology Organizational psychology Human engineering

SIOP as a Resource www.siop.org History of I-O psychology Membership information (incl. students) Quarterly newspaper: TIP JobNet Educational institutions that offer graduate training programs in I-O psychology List of SIOP publications

How This Course Can Help You Knowledge about 21st century workplace Course will address issues such as work stress, work-family balance, workplace discrimination, & leadership

Module 1.2: The past, present, and future of I-O Psychology The Past – Important Dates/Events in I-O Psychology The Present – Demographics and Career Paths Future Challenges to I-O Psychology

Important Dates in the Evolution of I-O Psychology Figure 1.1 Important Dates in the Evolution of I-O Psychology

Brief History of I-O Psychology 1876-1930 Hugo Munsterburg, James McKeen Cattell, Walter Dill Scott, & Walter Van Dyke Bingham World War 1: Army Alpha & Army Beta Tests 1917 – First Ph.D. in Industrial Psychology awarded to Lillian Gilbreth Research in time & motion study → Human Engineering

Brief History of I-O Psychology (cont'd) 1930-1964 Hawthorne Studies, Human Relations Human relations movement Theories of motivation Emotional world of the worker Studies of job satisfaction WWII Civil Rights Act of 1964 & Title VII

Demographics of I-O Psychologists In 2000, I-O psychologists represented about 6% of all APA members In 2000, 30% of I-O psychologists in APA were women Average salaries: Ph.D. in I-O psychology: $90,000 Masters in I-O psychology: $67,000

Where I-O Psychologists are Employed Figure 1.2 Where I-O Psychologists are Employed. Source: SIOP Survey (2002).

Preparing for a Career in I-O Psychology Education & training Getting into a graduate program Consideration of GPA & GRE score(s) Relevant coursework (e.g., statistics) More emphasis on coursework than major

Challenges to I-O in 21st Century I-O psychology needs to be: Relevant Useful Grounded in scientific method

Changes in the Workplace Since 1980 Personal computing Telecommuting & virtual teams Videoconferencing Providing a service vs. manufacturing “goods” Nature of work more fluid Teams vs. the individual Little stability Family-friendly workplaces Greater diversity Global workplace Milton Montenegro/Getty Images

Module 1.3: Multicultural & Cross-Cultural Issues in I-O Psychology Multiculturalism Culture defined System in which individuals share meaning & common ways of viewing events & objects Sharing of meanings & interpretations Royalty-Free/CORBIS

Cultural Determinants in the Workplace (Triandis) Figure 1.3 The Dynamic of Top-Down-Bottom-Up Processes across levels of culture

Multicultural Nature of Work in the 21st Century Why should multiculturalism be important to you? Why is multiculturalism important for I-O psychology? Issues surrounding the global economy, expatriates, & the “West vs. the Rest” mentality

Theory of Cultural Influence Hofstede’s 5 cultural dimensions Individualism/collectivism Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Masculinity/femininity Long-term vs. short-term orientation

Cultural Differences Among Countries Figure 1.4 Cultural Differences among Countries Source: Hofstede, 1993, p.91.

Thoughts on Theories of Cultural Influence Triandis’ variation on Hofstede’s dimension of individualism/collectivism Horizontal cultures – those that minimize distances between individuals Vertical cultures – accept & depend on distances between individuals

Cultural Determinants in the Workplace (Triandis) Figure 1.5 Triandis’s View of Cultural Determinants in the Workplace

Module 1.4: Themes & Course Structure A) Unified Science B) Holistic Approach Parts of the book: Introduction Industrial Psychology Organizational Psychology Work Environment

Module 4 (cont’d) Resources Case study Paper (I-O Journals/Books) Electronic: I-O websites (e.g., www.siop.org) Case study Provides example of complexity of work behavior