Extragalactic science with Gaia Athens Gaia Group PI Prof. Mary Kontizas National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA) Co-PI Ioannis Bellas-Velidis (National Observatory of Athens, NOA) Members: Anastasios Dapergolas (NOA) Evangelos Kontizas (NOA) Evdokia Livanou (NKUA) A. Karampelas (NKUA) Petros Drazinos (NKUA) Panagiotis Gavras (NKUA) Despina Hatzidimitriou (NKUA)

external collaborators Prof. Brigitte Rocca-Volmerange, IAP, Paris Dr. A. Vallenari, University of Padova Dr. C. Bailer-Jones, MPIA, Heidelberg Dr. Almeida, IAC, Spain

Athens team’s involvement to Gaia Brief information 1) To WHICH ESA MISSION we are involved? Gaia 2) Is Gaia launched ? yes December 2013 Athens team’s involvement to Gaia 3) Subject assigned by ESA Unresolved galaxies (the only European team on this topic) 4) Since when we are working on the mission’s Since 2004 5) Funded by PRODEX 2012-2014 6) Commitment of our participation till the end of mission

Gaia/ESA a space mission for astronomy Objectives The primary objective of the Gaia mission is to survey more than one billion stars in our Galaxy and beyond. Data from this astronomical census will allow astronomers to answer some fundamental questions about the formation and evolution of our Galaxy, and will provide insight into many other topical areas of astronomy. While surveying the sky, Gaia is bound to make many other discoveries. During its anticipated lifetime of five years, Gaia will observe each of its one billion sources about 70 times, resulting in a record of the brightness and position of each source over time. !Data processing and Analysis had to be prepared by the European astronomical Community!

How many unresolved galaxies will be observed by Gaia BP/RP? 12 YEARS AGO In 2004 the first groups were created for Gaia data processing. The task on Unresolved Galaxies was not assigned to any group yet. Gaia was mainly designed for our GALAXY! We decided to take this subject, when most astronomers were sceptical about the question: How many unresolved galaxies will be observed by Gaia BP/RP? We calculated then that galaxies observed like point sources, were expected to be about a few times 106 galaxies. This large number of galaxies, opens important science topics such as galaxy evolution. NOW Since Gaia’s launch in late 2013!! it is found that a Large number (~2 millions) of unresolved galaxies are already observed by Gaia NKUA - NOA

Gaia Data Processing & Analysis Consortium DPAC CUs and DPCs The Data Processing & Analysis Consortium (DPAC) organigram shows the relation of the Coordination Units (CU), the Data Processing Centres (DPC) and the DPAC Executive Committee (DPACE)

Our tasks for CU8 (UNRESOLVED GALAXY CLASSIFIER, ugc). Since 2007 the ATHENS Extragalactic Gaia team is participating to DPAC units CU2 and CU8 Our tasks for CU8 DEVELOP the software for the unresolved galaxies DETECTED by Gaia for classification and parametrization purposes (UNRESOLVED GALAXY CLASSIFIER, ugc). THIS IMPLIES THE FOLLOWING: 1) produce libraries of theoretical galaxy spectra. 2) Compare THE THEORETICAL LIBRARY with real spectra from sdss (sloan) and investigate (!!) the constraints encountered in order to produce a version of the library as realistic as possible. NKUA - NOA

Tasks For CU2 Contribution to CU2-DU3 «Universe Model» Study nearby galaxies resolved in stars by Gaia. Spatial Distribution of nearby galaxies as seen by Gaia Estimate the number of stars from Gaia Prepare an empirical library of galaxy spectra Search for stellar structures in star forming regions at Gaia detection limit. NKUA - NOA

UGC for Gaia/DPAC/CU8 – WHAT? UGC is a top-level workpackage GWP-S-832 of the Coordination Unit CU8 “Astrophysical Parameters” of DPAC, the Data Processing and Analysis Consortium which is responsible for the Gaia’s scientific ground-based pipeline. Algorithm development and implementation in a software for the DPAC’s pipeline is one of the main UGC tasks The UGC goal is to classify the galaxy type and to estimate specific astrophysical parameters (extinction Ao, redshift z, star formation parameters Pi) of unresolved galaxies observed by Gaia analysing their BP/RP spectra. Galaxy spectra libraries production (synthetic and semi-empirical) is the second main UGC task The libraries are necessary for the UGC development, for two other CU8 packages, “Discrete Source Classifier” (GWP-S-821) and “Outlier Analysis” (GWP-S-836), as well as for the CU2 Development Unit “Universe Model”.

Major Milestones under the ESA/PRODEX PROJECT (ExSciGaia) PEA: 4000106135 May2012 to April 2014  Tasks for CU8 Milestone 1: Library of synthetic galaxy spectra Milestone 2: Performance qualification of UGC based on SVM models Milestone 3: Spatial distribution models of resolved galaxies Milestone 5: Statistical tests on the delivered library Milestone 6: Performance tests of UGC based on ANN models and final qualification (end of April 2014) Milestone 7: Light profiles of unresolved galaxies (end of April 2014) Task for CU2 Milestone 4: Simulations of the library data (end of January 2014)

(WE NEED EXTRA FUNDING FOR THE FOLLOWING!) The 18 months after launch and after PRODEX has finished in July 2014, we have to provide an assessment on the plausibility, quality, and correctness of the UGC results Cross match of the first data with existing galaxy catalogues (WE NEED EXTRA FUNDING FOR THE FOLLOWING!) 2) to develop a validation procedure (algorithm, software, necessary inputs) and validation report form, 3) to deliver an updated version of the synthetic library of Galaxy spectra, and 4) to produce a semi-empirical library based on real data to be used for the validation.

Extragalactic Science with Gaia In 17-18 October 2013 in Athens the meeting on extragalactic science with emphasis on the point sources like galaxies detected by Gaia funded by GREAT/ESF Many scientists from European Institutes of Padova (Italy), IAP, Bordeaux (France), IAC, IAA (Spain), Herstforshire and Athens (EKPA, NOA) have participated. NKUA - NOA

Scientific cases for Gaia unresolved galaxies G4G – Gaia For Galaxies Scientific cases for Gaia unresolved galaxies GALAXY EVOLUTION a very hot topic •    Extragalactic sky as will be seen by Gaia (numbers to be fixed) •    Compact red galaxies •    Blue compact galaxies •    Strong emission line galaxies •    Morphology of galaxies •    Luminous red galaxies •    Brighter extension of the reference frame •    Merging galaxies (?) •    Indices from Gaia spectra •    Statistical Methods for classification/parametrization •    Cross correlation with existing catalog data •    Aperture effect on spectra NKUA - NOA

Athens Gaia Group: achievements In DPAC: Since 2004 at DPAC initial stage, since 2007 officially accepted by ESA Education: 4 PhDs and 1 finishing, ?? MSc Dissemination: Publications (6 in referred journals), Presentations at Int. Conferences, Workshops and Meetings (>30, 12 published in proceedings), Meetings hosting (2007 CU8, 2013 GREAT/EGSG), Public outreach (2014, Athens Planetarium), DPAC documents on LiveLink (>20, restricted access) EU and GR programmes (GSRT/AthinoGaia, EU/ITN-ELSA, EU/ESF GREAT, ESA/PRODEX) UGC releases: Software: currently UGCv16, Spectral libraries: (synthetic) Gal1Peg2, Gal2Peg2, Gal2oPeg2, Gal3Peg2, Gal4Peg2, (semi-empirical) GalSE1, GalSE2 ; Simulated libraries (by CU2): GOG3, GOG5, GOG6, GOG7, GOG8, GOG11

5) The funding from PRODEX/ESA project ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1) We acknowledge the significant support for this activity from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 2) We thank the National Observatory of Athens for the support all these years 3) The Greek General Secretariat of Research and Technology for the initial funding 4) The EU the financial support under the RTN, Marie Curie “ELSA” project 5) The funding from PRODEX/ESA project 6) The GREAT-ESF for financial support for the organisation of the meeting ExSciGaia in 2013. NKUA - NOA

PhDs obtained related to the preparation for Gaia 2007, Ε PhDs obtained related to the preparation for Gaia 2007, Ε. Livanou “Large scale star formation in the Magellanic Clouds and their effect on the galaxies’ integrated spectra. Implementation for Gaia” 2007, P. Tsalmantza “Galaxy spectra and Classification of spectra for the Gaia/ ESA mission” 2011, Μ. Belcheva “Galaxies resolved in stars for Gaia Space Mission” 2012, A. Karampelas “Galaxy synthetic spectra for Gaia Space Mission” 2016, P. Drazinos, “Star Formation regions and stellar systems in nearby galaxies with data from HST and ground-based telescopes” NKUA - NOA

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