So …. Other reasons ….. The USA were annoyed with the USSR about the Nazi Soviet Pact of 1939! The USSR remembered the policy of appeasement! Superpowers! . why?

Why did the relationship between the ‘Big 3’ begin to break down by 1945? LO – To investigate what happened at the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences To explain why the relationship between the Big 3 broke down

Recap - On your white boards – write a 1 min definition of Communist Capitalist Cold War

The ‘Big Three’… The Big 3– USSR, USA and GB were the important powers in the world. Towards the end of the Second World War they all had very different aims about what should be done in Europe.

The USA President Franklin D. Roosevelt - Roosevelt wanted all the countries in Eastern Europe to be free, democratic and independent countries. This was a solution which seemed obvious to the USA as it was very strong and was in no danger of being invaded by anyone.

Great Britain Winston Churchill – though all countries of Eastern Europe should be freed from Nazi rule and have democracy. Churchill “offered” a deal by which countries were divided up into ‘spheres of influence’ (areas they had political power over);

The USSR Joseph Stalin - took a very different view. Nothing like WW2 should ever happen again Germany - Stalin wanted to make sure that the Nazis were removed and that Germany itself could never damage to the USSR again. Eastern Europe- Wanted these to be friendly towards the USSR and act as a buffer zone between the two countries.

The Problem with Poland - GB had entered WW2 in 1939 to defend Poland but Germany and the USSR had gained territory. Stalin wanted Poland to expand even further West so there would be a ‘buffer zone’ between Germany and the USSR. He wanted to make sure Poland had a pro-Soviet government. Stalin had a government in exile (the Lublin Poles) ready to take over, although WC and FDR supported another group.

Buffer zone? This is a neutral country between two hostile countries – meant to prevent them from going to war.

Yalta – Feb 1945 Nazi Germany was almost defeated.  From the East, Stalin's armies have taken control of Poland and much of Eastern Europe.  The "Big 3" (Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt) are meeting at Yalta to discuss the shape of the post-war world. As we know, they each had very different aims and priorities.

The Yalta Negotiating Game! In groups of 3 you are now going to each take the role of one of the Big 3. You will each get a list of your man’s priorities at the Yalta Conference. They are listed in order or importance, and are worth a certain number of points. In your groups, each issue will be discussed and voted on. An issue can only be resolved with a 2-1 vote! You must try and persuade at least one other leader to agree to your priorities. You can trade your support on an issue – e.g. ‘I will support you on Poland if you support me on…..” At the end we will see you wins in each group – whoever has most points!

Points Priorities - GB 30 Poland – Britain went to war to protect Poland when Hitler invaded it. I want to restore its power by making sure all lost territory is returned to Russia and that there are free, democratic elections held there. 25 Eastern Europe – I want all Eastern European countries to have democratic elections, similar to those in the West. 20 Germany – I want Germany and Berlin divided into 4 zones. France (as well as the Big 3) should be allowed a share, to strengthen Europe against the two superpowers. 15 Reparations – I want these to be as low as possible to Germany can eventually be rebuilt as a strong trading partner. Slave labour should not be used. 10 United Nations – I would like the USSR to be a member of the United Nations but I think the USSR should only get one seat on the Security Council. 5 Japan – I want to ensure that the USSR has as little territory and rights in Japan as possible. Points Priorities - USA 30 Japan – I am desperate to get Stalin into the war against Japan but I have promised China control of the Manchurian Railway after the war. (The Manchurian Railway was a railway in China that Japan, Russia and China had fought over in the past) 25 United Nations - I want a Security Council of 5 countries (GB, USA, USSR, China and France) to act as the World’s Policemen 20 Germany – I want Germany divided into as many states as possible to limit its power. 15 Poland – The USSR is already in control in Poland and nothing can be done about it! I will be happy if the USSR agrees to conduct ‘fair and free’ elections there. 10 Reparations* - I am happy for Germany to pay these to the USSR but I am not happy that German slave labour should be used. 5 Eastern Europe – I will try to bury this issue by persuading both countries to promise to uphold the principles of ‘fair’ elections. Points Priorities 30 Poland – Poland is the USSR’s close neighbour. I want it to remain under tight control by ensuring its territory is carved out of Germany and it has an elected communist government. 25 Eastern Europe – I want Eastern European countries to become ‘satellite states’, loyal to the USSR. 20 Germany – I want Germany and Berlin divided into 3 zones – USSR, USA and GB. France should not be given a zone as they quickly surrendered to the Nazis at the start of the war. 15 Reparations – I want massive reparations - $20 billion and the right to use slave labour from Germany. 10 United Nations – I want to join, but only if the USSR gets 3 seats on the Security Council instead of just one! 5 Japan – I will only enter the war with Japan if we are given the Manchurian railway afterwards. (The Manchurian Railway was a railway in China that Japan, Russia and China had fought over in the past)

You must fill in the sheet as you go along, recording who has won on each issue!! This is a game of negotiation and compromise– You cannot win on every issue! You must learn to trade on an issue that is less of a priority for you!

When you have discussed each issue - See who got their way on each issue. Look at your man’s priorities and add the scores up. Credits for the winners in each group!

What happened really? Read the sheet in your groups and complete the table Who would be happiest with each outcome? Extension – answer the questions at the bottom of the sheet.

Potsdam Conference Potsdam – leaders met again after Germany had been defeated. Read the information about the Conference Answer in your books – How did Potsdam signal the end of the ‘Big 3’? Explain with detail and examples.

Exam Practice - Q – What was decided at the Yalta Conference in 1945? (4) How do we answer this question?

Swap over and Peer Assess – WWW/EBI What was decided at the Yalta Conference in February 1945?[4] eg ‘Germany was to be divided into four zones of occupation.’ ‘The zones to be controlled by USA, USSR, Britain and France.’ ‘Berlin was to be in Soviet zone.’ ‘Berlin was to be divided into four.’ ‘A United Nations Organisation to be set up to keep the peace.’ ‘As east European Countries liberated they would be able to hold free elections to set up democratic governments.’ ‘In Poland free elections were to be held.’

Extension - What is the message of this source? (7) How do we answer this question?

If this is the answer, what is the question? To finish - If this is the answer, what is the question? Feb 1945 They didn’t have a common enemy any more Poland Joseph Stalin A political system where the state controls all industry When was yalta? why did relationship break down? Where did USSR want a buffer zone? Leader of ussr? Communist - ussr

Share with the person next to you… The most interesting thing you learnt from this lesson!

Review - LO – To investigate what happened at the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences To explain why the relationship between the Big 3 broke down

Homework – Explain why the war time allies disagreed about Poland in 1945 (6) Explain 2-3 reasons