AP U.S. HISTORY EXAM REVIEW The Early Twentieth Century 1900 - 1945

The Progressive Movement Who were the Progressives? Why did the Progressives enjoy greater success than the Populists? Who were the muckrakers? List some of the key muckrakers along with their writings. Who was W.E.B. DuBois? Who was Margaret Sanger? When was the Nineteenth Amendment ratified and what did it do? Define ballot initiative, referendum, and recall election. List some of the gains made by Progressives at the state level. The Progressive Movement

Who is considered the most prominent Progressive leader? Why was Roosevelt called “the Trustbuster”? List some of Roosevelt’s progressive achievements. Which president spearheaded the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments? What did the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments provide for? Who ran for president in 1912 and who won the election? What was the name of TR’s policies and what was the name of Wilson’s policies? Why is the Progressive Era considered a turning point in American history? List some of Wilson’s progressive reforms. When did the Progressive Movement end and why? Progressive Politics

Intervention in Latin America What was the Platt Amendment? Why did the U.S. encourage a Panamanian revolt against Colombia? Why did the U.S. repeatedly intervene in Latin American affairs in the early twentieth century? What was the Roosevelt Corollary? Intervention in Latin America

How did most Americans feel about the war in Europe and how was this attitude reflected in official U.S. policy? What circumstances complicated American efforts at neutrality? What were the repercussions of the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915? What was Wilson’s reelection slogan in 1916? How did American attitudes about neutrality begin to change by late 1916? Explain how the Zimmerman Telegram helped lead America into the war. World War I

The American Homefront during World War I How did government authority expand during World War I? What was the purpose of the War Industry Board? What were the provisions of the Espionage and Sedition Acts? What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in Schenck v. United States? What were the results of the Russian Revolution of 1917? What happened to Eugene V. Debs? What problems did labor unions face during the war? Why was the Federal Bureau of Investigation created and who was placed in charge of it? What happened during the Palmer Raids? What was the Committee on Public Information? What opportunities did women have during World War I? How did the war affect African-Americans? The American Homefront during World War I

The End of World War I When was World War I fought? What were the Fourteen Points? What were the main provisions of the Fourteen Points? What was the League of Nations? Describe the tone of the Treaty of Versailles. Which branch of the U.S. government has the power to ratify treaties? Why did the Senate refuse to ratify the Treaty of Versailles? How did Wilson try to draw support for the treaty and what happened as a result? The End of World War I

Pro-Business Republican Administrations Describe government attitudes toward business and labor in the 1920s. List the presidents of the 1920s and describe their political philosophies. What was the major problem of the Harding administration? What was the Teapot Dome Scandal? Define welfare capitalism. Pro-Business Republican Administrations

Which consumer product most typified the new spirit of the nation? What did Henry Ford do? What did the automobile allow the middle class to do? What other product became extremely popular in the 1920s? What was a flapper? List some favorite leisure activities of the 1920s. Who was the “lost generation”? What was the Harlem Renaissance? List key writers of the Harlem Renaissance. Describe jazz music. Modern Culture

Backlash Against Modern Culture Describe the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s. What happened to Sacco and Vanzetti? What did the Emergency Quota Act of 1924 do? Describe what happened in the Scopes Monkey Trial. What did the Eighteenth Amendment provide for? When was Prohibition repealed and why? Backlash Against Modern Culture

Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression Who was elected president in 1928 and why? What happened in October of 1929 which precipitated the Great Depression? What does it mean to buy stock on margin? What do most textbooks say was the main cause of the Great Depression, even though most of today’s leading economists disagree? Describe conditions in America during the Depression. What were “Hoovervilles”? What was the Dust Bowl? What was Hoover’s attitude toward the Depression? What actions did Hoover take in spite of his beliefs about the economy? Describe the impact of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff. Who was the Bonus Army and what did they want? What happened to the Bonus Army? How did the Bonus Army impact Herbert Hoover? Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression

The New Deal Who was elected president in 1932 and why? What was the New Deal? What happened during the First Hundred Days? What did the Emergency Banking Relief Act do? What were fireside chats? What does FDIC stand for and what does it do? What does AAA stand for and what did it do? What does NIRA stand for and what did it do? What does PWA stand for and what did it do? What does CCC stand for and what did it do? What does TVA stand for and what did it do? What was the purpose of the National Labor Relations Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission? What were results of the First New Deal? The New Deal

Reaction to the New Deal Why did conservatives dislike the New Deal? What is deficit spending? Why did those on the far left oppose the New Deal? What did Socialists call for and why did they gain popularity during the Depression? What was the ruling in Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States? Which New Deal program did the Supreme Court strike down in United States v. Butler? Reaction to the New Deal

The Second New Deal What does WPA stand for and what did it do? What does the Social Security Administration do? What was the New Deal coalition? The Second New Deal

Roosevelt’s Troubled Second Term What did Roosevelt attempt to do in the Judicial Reorganization bill and why was he unsuccessful? What happened to the economy in 1937 and why? What did the Fair Labor Standards Act do? Did the New Deal work? Roosevelt’s Troubled Second Term

American Foreign Policy in the 1920s and 1930s What did the Washington Conference of 1921-1922 do? What did the Kellogg-Briand Pact do? What was the Good Neighbor Policy? How did the U.S. respond to Japanese aggression in the 1930s? Define protectionism. What did the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act do? What is the meaning of most-favored-nation trade status? What did the Nye Commission reveal? What did the Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1937 call for? American Foreign Policy in the 1920s and 1930s

The Outbreak of World War II Describe the events in Europe which led to World War II. What was “Cash and Carry”? How did Roosevelt try to aid the Allies before U.S. entry into the war? What was the Lend-Lease Act? What happened at the Atlantic Charter Conference? Describe the progress of the war by 1941. How did the United States respond to Japanese aggression? What happened on December 7, 1941? The Outbreak of World War II

Why was the relationship between the Soviet Union and her western Allies tenuous at best? What agreements were made at the Teheran Conference in 1943? What was D-Day? Describe how the Allies won the war. Fighting World War II

The Homefront What did the War Production Board do? What was rationing? What did the Labor Disputes Act of 1943 do? How did Hollywood aid in the war effort? What was the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940? How were African-Americans affected by the war? How were women affected by the war? Who was Rosie the Riveter? What happened to Japanese Americans during World War II and why? What did the Supreme Court decide in Korematsu v. United States? The Homefront

The End of the War What major decisions were reached at Yalta in 1945? What were Soviet satellites? What was the Iron Curtain? Who represented the United States at Potsdam? Why do some argue that American-Soviet animosity prompted Truman to use the atomic bomb? What are the arguments against this logic? On which two cities did the U.S. drop atomic bombs? The End of the War