Course Title: Medical Parasitology Course Code: (6501103)

Course Description 1. Topics to be Covered List of Topics No. of Weeks Contact Hours Introduction to Parasitology and history of parasites. 1 3 Protozoa: Plasmodium, coccidia, Entamoebae, Giardia, leishmania, toxoplasma, trychomonas vaginalis, Ciliata, Plantidium. 4 12 Metazoa: Nematoda: (Ascaris, Ancylostoma).  Trichinella spiralis, Polychaeta. Strongyloides stercoralis, Onchocerca, Dracunculus medinensis, Loa loa, filariasis, wuchereria bancrofti, Progia 2 6 Cestoda: Taneia Saginata, Taneia Solium. Echinococcus, Diphyllobothrium latum. Hymenolepis nana. Trematoda: Schistosoma, Fasciola, Paragonimus westermani

Course Components 2. Course components (total contact hours and credits per semester): contact hours: 45 credit hours:2   Lecture Tutorial Laboratory Practical Other: Total Contact Hours 15 30 45 Credit 1 2

Course grades Total Final Written Exam Practical Exam Midterm Written Exam quizzes and attendance Name of Course 100 40 20 Medical Parasitology

Umm Al-Qura University بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Umm Al-Qura University Health Sciences College at Al-Leith Department of Public Health Lecture (1)

Medical Parasitology General introduction to medical parasitology

Objectives 1/ Know common medical parasites those infect humans. 2/ Define parasitology and Medical parasitology. 3/ Define parasite and host. 4/ Define types of parasite and host. 5/ Give an example of some insects that transmitted parasites.

Introduction: The initial discovery of the parasite was without the aid of any microscopes, because its sufficiently big size make them visible to naked eye. Linnaeus identify Fasciola without the aid of microscope. The availability of microscope helped in discovery of new parasites.

Definitions 1- A parasite: is a living organism which takes its nourishment and other needs from a host. 2- The Host: is an organism which supports the parasite. 3- Parasitology: Is the science which deals with parasites.

4- 1 Medical parasitology : is the science that deals with organisms living in the human body (the host) and the medical significance of this host-parasite relationship.

4-2 Medical parasitology: Is the branch of medical science dealing with organisms (parasites) which live temporarily or permanently on or within the human body (host).

Type of parasites

1- Ectoparasite: a parasitic organism that lives on the outer surface of host, e.g. lice, ticks, mites.

2-Endoparasites: parasites that live inside the body of their host, e.g. Entamoeba histolytica.

3- Obligate Parasite: This parasite is completely dependent on the host during a part or all of its life cycle, e.g. Plasmodium spp.

4- Facultative parasite: an organism that exhibits both parasitic and non-parasitic modes of living

5- Accidental parasite: is a parasite attacks an unnatural host and survives. E.g. Hymenolepis diminuta

6- Erratic parasite: is one that wanders into an organ in which it is not usually found. E.g. Entamoeba histolytica in the liver or lung of humans.

The types of Hosts

1- Definitive host: A host that Contain a parasite in the adult stage or where the parasite undergoes sexual method of reproduction.

2- Intermediate host: A host that Contain the larval stages of the parasite or an asexual cycle of development takes place in the host.

A host that is under normal condition not infected with the parasite 3- Natural host: A host that is naturally infected with certain species of parasite. 4- Accidental host: A host that is under normal condition not infected with the parasite

The route of parasite transmission 1- congenital transmission. From mother to infant, e.g., Toxoplasmosis 2- contact transmission e.g. Trichomonos vaginalis 3- food transmission. The infectious stage of parasites contaminated food

4- water transmission. Drink or contact the water 5- soil transmission. 6- Arthropod transmission.

6- Examples of Arthropods Transmission.

1- Mosquitoes Transmitting Malaria

2- Sand Fly Transmitting Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

3- House fly Transmitting Giardia and dysentery

Cockroach Transmitting enteric disease

4- Mites Transmitting Scabies

5- Lice Transmitting Relapsing Fever

Thanks Radia 36