Reproduction (to make sure a species can continue) Sexual Asexual

Asexual Reproduction requires 1 parent offspring are genetically identical to the parent Less genetic diversity Many offspring in a short amount of time

Asexual Reproduction Examples: Binary Fission Budding Sporulation Regeneration Vegetative Propagation Mitosis

1. Binary Fission Reproduction in Prokaryotic Cells (Bacteria)

Chromosome replicates 2 identical daughter cells Parent cell Prokaryotes such as bacteria divide into 2 identical cells by the process of binary fission Single chromosome makes a copy of itself Cell wall forms between the chromosomes dividing the cell Chromosome replicates Cell splits 2 identical daughter cells

Prokaryotic Cell Undergoing Binary Fission

Animation of Binary Fission

2. Budding Occurs in yeast and hydra when a tiny bud sprouts from a parent

http://www.waycross.edu/faculty/bmajdi/hydra%20budding.jpg

http://www.alltech.com/About/competencies.cfm

3. Sporulation New mold growing where spores have fallen, also occurs in ferns

http://biodidac. bio. uottawa. ca/thumbnails/filedet. htm http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/thumbnails/filedet.htm?File_name=ZYGO001B&File_type=GIF

4. Regeneration Repairing severed appendage (starfish or lizard tail)

http://www.vsf.cape.com/~jdale/science/starfishregenerating.jpg

http://classes. design. ucla http://classes.design.ucla.edu/Spring05/152BC/projects/saito/ex3/planaria.jpg

5. Vegetative Propagation Growing new roots for a plant from plant clippings

6. Mitosis occurs in single celled eukaryotes like paramecium, splitting the nucleus or to make new body cells

Sexual Reproduction requires 2 parents offspring are genetically different from the parents More genetic diversity uses sex cells (sperm and egg)

Sexual Reproduction Example: Meiosis

Sexual Reproduction Step 1: sex cells are made by meiosis

Sexual Reproduction Step 2: male & female sex cells come together to form a fertilized egg (zygote)

Number of Chromosomes Haploid Diploid

Diploid Body Cells (Somatic) 2N (Double) 46 Chromosomes (Human) Examples: nerve, skin

Haploid Sex Cells (Gametes) N (Half) 23 Chromosomes (Human) Made in Reproductive Organs Testes – sperm Ovaries - egg