Introductory Presentation Ghana Team CLEWS Summer School Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development June 12 – 30, 2017 Introductory Presentation Ghana Team

Basic Information - Ghana Land Area – 238,539 km2 Water bodies – 3,275 km2 Coastline – 539 km Total population – 28.3 million (2016) Population growth rate – 2.1 % Currency: Ghana cedis (1 USD = 4.2 Ghc) GDP (current prices) – US$ 42,676 million (in 2016) GDP per capita – US$ 1,507 (2016) Natural resources: Gold, Diamond, oil

Sustainable Development Background Climate There are 5 main agro-ecological zones: These are Rain Forest, Deciduous Forest, Transitional Zone, Coastal Savanna and Northern Savanna (Guinea and Sudan Savanna). Rainfall Highest in South-western (2,000 mm/yr), north (950 mm/yr) and south-eastern (800 mm/yr).

Sustainable Development background Topography The topography is predominantly undulating, with slopes less than 1%. Even though the slopes are gentle, about 70% of the country is subject to moderate to severe sheet and gully erosion. Temperature Average maximum temperatures are highest between February to April (320 C) in the southern zone whiles that for the northern zone occurs from April to May (340C).

Land use Settlements land cover class. From 1,460 sq km in 1975, urban areas expanded to 3,830 sq km in 2013 representing 161% increase over 38 years. Agricultural land use increased from 13% of Ghana total area 1975 to 32% 2013. Savannas experienced a large loss, from about 51 to 40 percent of the total land area from 1975 to 2013 The forest class (represented primarily by Ghana’s dense evergreen rain forest and moist deciduous forest) shows a small decline in area from about 16,400 sq km in 1975 to 12,400 sq km in 2013

Water Availability and use Surface water resources Volta system: four main rivers (Red, white, black and Oti) make up 70% of surface water resources. South-Western system: (Bia, tano, ankobra and pra) make up 22% of surface water resources. Coastal system: (Tordzie, Aka, Densu, Ayensu, Ochi-Nakwa and Ochi-Amissah) make up 8% of surface water resources.

Urban Water Production Water Supply Urban Water Production Rural Water Coverage Treated water production increased from 211.7 million m3 in 2006 to 349.3 million m in 2016. Coverage rate is 76% in 2015 Community water supply (% of targeted population served mainly through boreholes) increased from 52.9% to 64.5%

Monthly Average Wind Speed @ 60m (m/s) Energy Resource Solar Wind No. Site Name Location Monthly Average Wind Speed @ 60m (m/s) 1 Ekumfi Edumafa Mfantsiman Municipality, Central Region 4.67 2 Gomoa Fete Gomoa East District, Central Region 4.53 3 Avata Ketu South Municipality, Volta Region 5.01 4 Sege/Ningo Dangme West District, Greater Accra Region 5.46 5 Atiteti/Dzita Keta Municipality, Volta Region 5.98 6 Anloga 6.01 7 Mankoadze Winneba Municipality, Central Region 5.05 8 Denu 5.17

AVERAGE GENERATION (GWh/yr) Energy Resource RIVER BASIN POTENTIAL (MW) AVERAGE GENERATION (GWh/yr) Black Volta   Koulbi 68 392 Ntereso 64 257 Lanka 95 319 Jambito 55 180 Sub-Total 282 1,148 White Volta Pwalugu 48 184 Kulpawn 36 166 Daboya 43 194 127 544 River Oti Juale 90 405 River Tano Esuaso 40 129 Sedukrom 17 67 Jomoro 20 85 Tanoso 56 256 Effima 25 29 Jokuro 41 Abemia 50 99 233 706 River Pra Awisam Hemang 336 Abatumesu Kojokrom 30 136 Abochire 128 Mamposo 100 S. Krobo 203 345 1,316 River Ankobra Nsueam 33 Breman Mehami 63 137 GRAND TOTAL 1,177 4,256

Energy Balance, 2016 (in ktoe) SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION Crude Oil Natural Gas Petroleum Products Biofuels Hydro Solar Electricity Total Indigenous Production 4,706.2 587.3 - 3,602.4 478.3 2.3 9,376.5 Imports 1,474.5 100.9 3,738.1 49.4 5,362.8 Exports -4,357.5 -553.5 -1.9 -24.8 -4,937.7 International Marine Bunkers -2.5 International Aviation Bunkers -122.6 Stock Changes -81.4 Total Energy Supply 1,741.8 688.2 3,059.5 3,600.5 24.6 9,595.2 Electricity Plants -492.7 -517.6 -402.6 -478.3 -2.3 1,119.9 -773.5 Oil Refinery -784.3 765.4 -18.9 Other Transformation Own use -3.9 Losses -817.1 -158.7 -975.8 Final Energy Consumption 3,320.2 2,783.4 982.0 7,085.5 Residential Sector 175.7 2,440.1 503.2 3,119.0 Commerce & Services Sector 14.0 122.0 221.0 357.1 Industry 384.6 221.3 257.0 862.9 Agriculture & Fisheries Sector 103.2 0.3 103.5 Transport 2,642.3 0.5 2,642.8 Statistical Difference 464.9 170.5 160.9 796.3

Electricity Access REGION YEAR 2009 2011 2013 2015 2016 Ashanti 80.9   2009 2011 2013 2015 2016 Ashanti 80.9 82.0 85.1 90.5 90.6 Brong Ahafo 62.5 67.0 71.7 75.8 79.5 Central 69.6 81.0 82.7 84.3 86.9 Eastern 61.3 70.0 72.8 78.6 80.0 Greater Accra 95.8 97.0 96.4 96.6 Northern 43.5 50.0 54.5 62.7 Upper East 30.4 44.0 50.6 51.7 58.8 Upper West 32.0 40.0 66.9 71.6 Volta 58.3 65.0 67.8 79.1 82.9 Western 59.3 68.0 72.5 78.1 82.3 AVERAGE 66.7 72.0 75.6 80.5 83.2

Sectoral Objectives Water sector Energy sector Achieve universal coverage for water and sanitation services by 2025. Ensure sustainable financing for investments, operation and maintenance of water services Ensure sustainable harnessing, utilisation and management of water resources Energy sector Ensure energy supply security and reliability Competitive environment to ensure affordable energy prices Sustainable energy consumption pattern to lower greenhouse gas emissions Provision of reliable energy services at affordable prices to support economic growth and prosperity.

Modelling Tools Energy – LEAP, MAED, MESSAGE, FINPLAN Water – WEAP Climate - LEAP