The Protestant Reformation Chapter 10, Lesson1 EQ: What conditions can encourage the desire for reform? .

Define Academic Vocabulary: Chapter 10, Lesson 1 (Home Learning) Christian Humanism Salvation Indulgence Lutheranism

Breakdown of Denominations

Christian Humanism Classical learning and ideas of “individualism” spreads to northern Europe with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church = Christian Humanism Christian humanists believed they could improve themselves by using reason They wanted to reform the church

Early Reformers Erasmus (1466-1536) “Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched it.” Committed to reforming the Church from within. Christianity should teach how to live good lives, not how gain salvation (get to heaven) Catholic Church needed to return to simpler days of early Christianity Worshipping relics (saints) not important

What is the Protestant Reformation? Religious movement in the 1500’s that split the Christian church in western Europe Led to the establishment of a number of new churches. People grew displeased with the churches… Financial Corruption Abuse of Power Immorality

What helps the Reformation? Printing Press Books are now available to the masses not just the rich! (Faster production=cheaper books) People have access to books whenever they want them. http://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-the-printing-press Like the Kindle or Nook to early modern Europeans. A single Renaissance printing press could produce 3,600 pages per workday, compared to forty by hand-printing and a few by hand-copying. Printing Press = 3,600 pages per workday Hand Printing = 40 pages per workday

Activity #1: Summarizing Read Ch. 10. Lesson 1, Prelude to Reformation. Answer: How did Christian Humanism and Erasmus paved the way for the Protestant Reformation in Europe? Why according to Erasmus, other Christian humanists, and critics did the Church need reform? Indulgences What are indulgences? What did people do to get them? Who may buy and sell them? When or how were they given? Why were they considered desirable?

What sparks the Reformation? Pope Leo X needed money to build St. Peter’s Basilica…so he sold indulgences! Pardons issued by the Pope People could buy them get out of purgatory = (Buy forgiveness for sins!)

Martin Luther German monk and professor of theology (religion). Protestant Reformation leader Criticized the following saying: "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs." –Johann Tetzel Luther translates the Bible to German and believes that people should be able to interpret the Bible for themselves. Coffer means chest

Luther’s 95 Theses In 1517, his 95 Theses were nailed to a church door. They were written in Latin. Luther’s intention: NOT TO BREAK WITH CHURCH, BUT REFORM IT! Criticized: Indulgences Power of Pope Wealth of Church God’s Grace won by FAITH ALONE!

Excommunication In 1520 Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther. Excommunication- expelled Holy Roman Emperor Charles V tried suppress Luther’s writings. Princes in Germany issued a protestatio or protest. Hence the term Protestant! http://www.history.com/topics/martin-luther-and-the-95-theses Pope Leo X by Raphel

Activity #2: Primary Sources Partner up Read excerpts from Erasmus” Praise of Folly and Luther’s 95 Thesis Complete Primary Source Questions

Read Erasmus’ Praise of Folly excerpt. Answer the following together: What reforms does Erasmus seek? What is the most important when achieving salvation? Representative on Earth Indulgences; pardons Free from sin Related to money Unholy; not religious

Read Luther’s 95 Theses What reforms does Luther seek? How does Erasmus and Luther’s ideas of reform compare, how are they different?

John Calvin – (1509-1564) French lawyer - moved to religious community in Geneva, Switzerland “Faith Alone” saves you The Bible holds the truth Religious Education PREDESTINATION - God has already decided who is saved/condemned.

Calvinism Spreads to France, Germany, Netherlands, Scandinavia, Scotland Scottish Presbyterians, American Baptists, Puritans—form this branch

In England, the Reformation began with the King! The English Reformation was rooted in politics. King Henry VIII The king who had six wives… He wants a SON! He is married to a Spanish Queen Catherine of Aragon; has a daughter, Mary. King Henry’s older brother Arthur (named after the famous tale King Author and the Knights of the Round Table) dies… Author was married to Catherine of Argon (from Spain) before she married Henry. This becomes the grounds for his annulment (because Catherine can’t produce a son). She does however give birth to a daughter named Mary. She later becomes a queen of England and restores the Catholic Church! History knows her as Bloody Mary. Catherine of Aragon, Henry's first wife.  Catherine, a Princess of Spain, was married to Henry for many years.  Her determination to stay married to Henry, in the face of his desire for Anne Boleyn, would change the course of history forever. Anne Boleyn, Henry's second wife, and the mother of Queen Elizabeth I.  Henry fell passionately in love with Anne while married to Catherine of Aragon.  He waited several years to marry Anne, but, ironically, lost his desire for her once she became his Queen. Jane Seymour, Henry's beloved third Queen.  Gentle, capable Jane gave Henry his long-awaited male heir after one year of marriage.  Sadly, she gave her life to do so. Anne of Cleves, Henry's fourth wife.  This German princess served as Queen for only a few months before she and Henry agreed to divorce by mutual consent. Katherine Howard, Henry's fifth wife.  Henry's marriage to this sensuous teenager brought him brief happiness, but ended in tragedy.  Katherine Parr, Henry's sixth Queen.  This intelligent, loyal, forward-thinking Renaissance woman outlived three husbands, including Henry, and went on to finally marry the man of her choice. http://www.history.com/topics/british-history/henry-viii/videos/henry-viii

Henry VIII of England Wished to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn Pope refused to grant it Henry declares himself head of the Church of England in the “Act of Supremacy” 1534 He forms the Anglican Church

Act of Supremacy- 1534 The King is head of the church in England, not the Pope!!

Henry’s Six Wives http://www.history.com/topics/british-history/henry-viii/videos/henry-viii

Longstanding Effects of Henry VIII His legitimate children: Mary, Elizabeth, and Edward (dies). Queen Mary I or “Bloody Mary” Raised Catholic like her mother Catherine of Aragon; she reestablished the Catholic Church in England. She killed many Protestants and had approximately 300 heretics burned at the stake. Queen Elizabeth I Raised Protestant and ruled England for 44 years. Ruled during the Spanish Armada, and never married…known as the Virgin Queen.

Activity 3: Review Questions On the same paper. Read “Reformation in England” Guiding Question Progress Check Question. (pg. 184-185) in complete sentences. Read “Reformation and Society” Progress Check Question. (pg. 186) in complete sentences.

Home Learning Review your notes and vocabulary for a quiz on Friday!