Mineral Groups Chapter 4 Section 2.

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Presentation transcript:

Mineral Groups Chapter 4 Section 2

Mineral Groups Silicates Carbonates Oxides Others

Silicates Oxygen in the most abundant element in Earth’s crust, followed by silicon. Silicates: Minerals that contain silicon and oxygen, and usually one or more elements Make up 96% of the minerals in the crust * feldspar and quartz: The two most common minerals in the crust. Both of them are silicates.

Silicates The basic building block of the silicates is the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron. A tetrahedron is a geometric solid having four sides that are equilateral triangles.

Silicates Oxygen atom: Silicon atom: 6 valence electrons

Silicates

Silicates Individual tetrahedron ions are strongly bonded. They can bond together to form: sheets : Mica (K and Al join tetrahedra) chains: Asbestos (weak bonds of tetrahedra) complex structures: Quartz The bonds between the atoms help determine several mineral properties.

Silicates

Carbonates Oxygen combines easily with almost all other elements, and forms other mineral groups. Carbonates: Minerals composed of one or more metallic elements and a carbonate ion.

Carbonates Examples Calcite: used in construction, as a pigment, pharmaceutical Dolomite: used as a source of calcium and magnesium. Rhodochrosite: gemstones

Carbonates They are the primary minerals found in rocks such as: Limestone: neutralize acidic soil Marble: construction

Oxides Oxides: Compounds of oxygen and metal Examples: Hematite (Fe2O3) Magnetite (Fe3O4) Uranitite (UO2): major source of uranium (generate nuclear power)

Other groups Sulfides: Sulfur + one or more elements. Sulfates: Example: Pyrite Sulfates: Sulfate ion + one or more elements. Example: Anhydrite (gypsum) Halides: Chloride / Fluoride + Ca / Na / K Example: Halite (NaCl) Native Elements: Made up of only one element Examples: Silver (Ag) and Copper (Cu)

Summarizing Types of Minerals Silicates: Silicon + Oxygen Carbonates: One or more metallic elements + carbonate ion Oxides: Compounds of oxygen and a metal Other groups: Sulfides, sulfates, halides, and native elements

Final thoughts… Why wasn’t the geologist hungry? He had lost his apatite…