Pengajaran Berbantukan Komputer (PBK): Theory and Concepts Dr. CK Tan, UMS

What is Educational Technology? AV IT Process Teaching Methodologies TV, Radio, Digital TV, Cellular phone, etc Computer and Internet Dr. CK Tan, UMS

WHAT IS COMPUTER IN EDUCATION ? It is the use of computers in the design, development, delivery and evaluation of teaching and learning materials (instruction) It means: computer-based instruction (CBI) computer-assisted instruction (CAI) computer-assisted language learning (CALL) Dr. CK Tan, UMS

Learning occurs when experience causes a relatively WHAT IS LEARNING ? Learning occurs when experience causes a relatively permanent change in an individual’s knowledge or behaviour Woolfolk, 1998, p. 204 (in Newby, T.J., 2000) To learn is to change (or have the capacity to change) one’s level of ability or knowledge in a permanent way which is brought about by experience or interaction of a person with his/her environment Dr. CK Tan, UMS

Computer Advantages of computer: Instantaneous response Big storage Can manipulate information Serve multiple users simultaneously TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

Types: Computer-assisted Instruction (CAI)  computer materials in a controlled sequence such as drill and practice exercises Computer-managed Instruction (CMI)  stores students’ profiles and materials; diagnostic test TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

Roles of computers: Object of instruction learn to use software (programming, etc) TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

Roles of computers as a tool:  Calculator, word processor, multimedia composer, communication device Learn from databases; learn to manage info such as retrieving, sorting and organizing TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

Branching based on students’ responses Roles of computers: Computer as a tool: Branching based on students’ responses engaging students in learning; develop own’s schemata TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

Provide complex tasks to engage students in real-world problems Roles of computers: Instructional device Provide complex tasks to engage students in real-world problems Teaching logical thinking Develop powerful ideas from certain games TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

One-computer classroom Demonstrations for large group Facilities: One-computer classroom Demonstrations for large group Design group activities for small group  Learning centre Personal secretary for the teacher TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

Multiple-computer classroom Computer lab (more students Facilities: Multiple-computer classroom Computer lab (more students being taught simultaneously) Networked computers bring a lot of benefits; sharing info TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

Constructivist perspective of Learning: considers the engagement of students in meaningful experiences as the essence of learning learners create their own interpretations of the world of information TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

Social perspective of Learning: known as observational learning (Milller & Dollard, 1941) believe people can also learn without a response observed or reinforced (unlike behaviorist) 4 phases (attention, retention, reproduction and motivation) TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

Environment  place, methods, media and technology Instruction is the arrangement of information and environment to facilitate learning Environment  place, methods, media and technology TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan

Important features of Learning: Active participation Practice Individual differences Feedback Realistic contexts Social interaction TG20503, Dr. C.K.Tan