Snow on Earth: The Global Cryosphere.

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Presentation transcript:

snow on Earth: The Global Cryosphere

what are we learning? What and where the cryosphere is. How glaciers and ice sheets form and move. Feedbacks between the cryosphere, atmosphere, and oceans. Relevance for people. Essential background for climate science!

what’s the cryosphere? Water in the earth system that is at or below its freezing point temperature: 32 F or 0 C in many cases. This includes: -snow, sleet, and hail -glaciers, ice sheets, ice shelves, and sea ice -ice on lakes and rivers -permafrost and seasonally frozen ground

the geography of cold Current Surface Air Temperatures

the seasonality of cold

the geography of the cryosphere How do these different components form? Pass out cut-out version(s). http://www.unep.org/geo/geo_ice/graphics.asp

making a snowflake Dr. Adrian Bejan explains snowflakes Making snow requires: cold, supply of water/humidity, particles to form around.

from snow to ice Process for strengthening quinzee (sp?), as well as obtaining samples of prehistoric atmosphere.

making a glacier

making an ice sheet

movement of glaciers Underneath a Glacier Basal Sliding Internal Deformation Underneath a Glacier Mont Blanc glacier, from NOVA on PBS.

remnant glacial ice “Gates of Kiev” Brooks Range, AK

maintaining glaciers: temperature and precipitation Example of a glacier that is growing, rather than shrinking. Why? Because accumulation > ablation. Hubbard Glacier, Southeast Alaska Images from NASA Earth Observatory

ice caps and ocean circulation

the albedo effect

feedback loops of ice and snow

monitoring the cryosphere from space NASA Tour of the Cryosphere

the uses of snow: transportation Dalton Highway Closure, summer 2014- tell story from perspective of Toolikers.

the uses of snow: water supply ⅙ of the world’s population depends on glaciers and seasonal snowpack for their water needs. Barnett et al., Nature 2005

the uses of snow: hydropower http://www.middlebury.edu/media/view/352071/original

the uses of snow: streamflows Godsey et al, 2014, HP

groundtruthing: NRCS snow telemetry network 730+ sites 11 states

a snotel site

accessing snotel data Bear Basin Site