Cell Review for Biology I

Which form of transport permits water to cross a semi-permeable membrane from areas of high concentration to low concentration? a. Active transport b. Diffusion c. Osmosis d. Ionization

Understand the diagram below of the configuration of phospholipids in the plasma membrane? The circles represent the phosphates that are hydrophilic (like water) and the two lipid tails are inside because they are hydrophobic (don’t like water).

Water will enter the cell to maintain homeostasis A cell placed in a solution containing a higher concentration of dissolved substances, like salt. How will this affect the cell? Water will enter the cell to maintain homeostasis Dissolved substances will exit the cell by diffusion Water will exit the cell to maintain homeostasis Dissolved substances will enter the cell b diffusion

Which structure maintains homeostasis, contains active transport pumps, and is composed of two layers of phospholipids? a. Nucleus b. Cytoplasm c. Lysosomes d. Plasma membrane

The central vacuole in a plant cell fills with which fluid so the plant will not wilt? a. Water b. Cellulose c. Chlorophyll d. Cytoplasm

Which statement describes a primary function of the cell wall of a plant cell? a. The cell wall manufactures proteins. b. The cell wall provides structural support c. The cell wall stores DNA d. The cell wall performs photosynthesis

Which statement describes a primary function of the chromosomes of a cell? a. The chromosome manufactures proteins. b. The chromosome provides structural support c. The chromosome stores DNA d. The chromosome performs photosynthesis

Which statement describes a primary function of the ribosome of a plant cell? a. The ribosome manufactures proteins. b. The ribosome provides structural support c. The ribosome stores DNA d. The ribosome performs photosynthesis

Which statement describes a primary function of the chloroplast of a plant cell? a. The chloroplast manufactures proteins. b. The chloroplast provides structural support c. The chloroplast stores DNA d. The chloroplast performs photosynthesis

This picture represents a plant cell. What is the organelle shown as D? B C D a. Mitochondria b. Endoplasmic Reticulum c. Nucleus d. Vacuole

This picture represents a plant cell. What is the organelle shown as B? D a. Mitochondria b. Endoplasmic Reticulum c. Nucleus d. Cell Wall

This picture represents a plant cell. What is the organelle shown as A? B C D a. Mitochondria b. Endoplasmic Reticulum c. Nucleus d. Chloroplast

b. Facilitated diffusion c. Endocytosis d. Active transport The diagram illustrates the movement of molecules through a cell membrane. What process is being used by the cell to move the molecules? a. Osmosis b. Facilitated diffusion c. Endocytosis d. Active transport Facilitated diffusion moves molecules from high to low through protein channels.

A cell with a 10% salt concentration is placed into a beaker that contains a 20% salt concentration.  The cell shrinks, as shown in the diagram below. Which part of the cell controls the movement of substances?   a. Cell membrane b. Mitochondria c. Nucleus d. Chloroplast

What are the best titles for A and B? A B a. B is prokaryotic and A is eukaryotic b. B is eukaryotic and A is prokaryotic c. A is a plant cell and B is an animal cell d. A is an animal cell and B is a plant cell

Why is Interphase the longest stage of the cell cycle? a. The cytoplasm and cell membrane separate after telophase b. The nucleus takes numerous days to divide c. Gametes are produced over a long period of time d. The cell grows, metabolizes, and synthesizes more genetic material

Which combination of molecules and temperature would diffuse faster? a. Large molecules, low temperature b. Large molecules, high temperature c. Small molecules, high temperature d. Small molecules, low temperature

Choose the correct chemical equation for photosynthesis Glucose + light  Carbon Dioxide + Water Carbon + Oxygen + Water + light  Carbon Dioxide + Water Carbon Dioxide + water + light  Glucose + Oxygen Carbon + Water + light  Glucose

Diffusion Passive transport Osmosis Bulk movement Molecules that are too large to cross a cell membrane are carried across with energy by Diffusion Passive transport Osmosis Bulk movement

Diffusion is a term for the movement of molecules from An area of low concentration to an area of high concentration An adjacent area to a gradient area An area of high concentration to an area of low concentration All matter consists of at least one cell.

Which organelle does a cell use to produce protein? Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Flagella ribosomes

Which organelle does a cell use to package substances? Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Flagella ribosomes

Which organelle does a cell use to perform cellular respiration? Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Flagella ribosomes

Centrioles Cytoplasms Vacuoles Chromosomes What structures in the nucleus contain the genetic “blueprints” that control all of a cell’s activity? Centrioles Cytoplasms Vacuoles Chromosomes

What structures produce spindle fibers to move chromosomes during mitosis? Centrioles Cytoplasms Vacuoles Chromosomes

Parent cells divide by meiosis to produce the offspring Strawberries have the ability to reproduce asexually by growing stems called runners, which are roots that form a new plant. Which is an accurate description of how the new plant forms? Parent cells divide by meiosis to produce the offspring Cells in the new plant will have a different genetic make up than the parent Cells in the new plant will have half the chromosome number as the parent Parent cells divide by mitosis to produce the offspring

Nondisjunction Substitution Inversion Crossing-over During the process of meiosis, two sister chromatids for chromosome number 21 do not separate. Which type of mutation is most likely involved? Nondisjunction Substitution Inversion Crossing-over

What is the purpose of crossing-over in meiosis? To reduce the number of chromosomes in gametes by one half To create mutations in gametes to increase variation To create new combinations of genes on homologous chromosomes To randomly separate homologous chromosome pairs

What is the function of cilia & flagella? Movement Digestion Reproduction Gathering food

What structure is found in a plant cell but is absent in an animal cell? Chloroplast Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Vacuole

Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells contain no Organelles Membrane-bound nucleus Cell membrane Bilayers

It occurs with passive transport – it does not need energy The process of endocytosis, taking material into the cell by means of enfolding the membrane around it. It occurs with active transport called bulk movement – it does need energy It occurs with passive transport – it does not need energy It is a type of osmosis transport It is a type of diffusion transport

What cell process occurs in the chloroplast? Respiration Active transport Mitosis Photosynthesis

The 2 daughter cells are not identical to the parent cell. A one-celled organism has undergone asexual reproduction. Which would be a correct statement about the two daughter cells? The 2 daughter cells are identical to each other, but not to the parent cell. The 2 daughter cells are identical to one another and to the parent cell The 2 daughter cells are not identical to the parent cell. The two daughter cells are not identical to each other

S Phase (or Synthesis phase) of Interphase Prophase Cytokinesis The cell cycle is the repeating pattern of cell growth and division. When during this process is the chromosome duplicated? S Phase (or Synthesis phase) of Interphase Prophase Cytokinesis G1 (Gap 1 or Growth Phase) of Interphase

Which statement best compares aerobic and anaerobic fermentation respiration? Less lactic acid is generated during anaerobic fermentation respiration than during aerobic respiration Less ATP is generated during anaerobic fermentation respiration than during aerobic respiration More water is generated during anaerobic fermentation respiration than during aerobic respiration More oxygen is generated during anaerobic fermentation respiration than during aerobic respiration

An identical copy of parent chromosomes What characteristic is present in cells produced by meiosis, but is missing in cells produced by asexual mitosis? An identical copy of parent chromosomes Only half the number of parent chromosomes Twice the number of parent chromosomes A genetic variation of parent chromosomes.

Osmosis Active transport Passive transport Diffusion If energy is needed to move materials into or out of a cell, what is most likely occurring? Osmosis Active transport Passive transport Diffusion

During which phase of the cell cycle is the cell growing and preparing for cellular division? Cytokinesis Anaphase Prophase Interphase

Which process produces the most variation within a species? Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction Mitosis Cloning

Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction? It allows gametes to have twice the original number of chromosomes of the organism It allows gametes to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have triple the chromosome number of the organism It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism

What will most likely be the result if all of the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell? It will be unable to carry out respiration It will break down the ribosomes in the cell. It will lose water through osmosis It will be unable to photosynthesize

How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar? a. Both contain ribosomes b. Both contain a nucleus c. Both contain membrane-bound organelles d. Both contain cell walls

They will shrink because salt will move out of them A freshwater plant is placed in a container of saltwater . What will most likely happen to the cells of the plant? They will shrink because salt will move out of them They will swell because salt will move into them They will shrink because water will move out of them They will swell because water will move into them.

What is the result when a single cell reproduces by mitosis? a. Four cells with genetic material identical to the parent cell b. Two cells with genetic material identical to the parent cell c. Two cells with half the genetic material of the parent cell d. Four cells with half the genetic material of the parent cell

This diagram shows cell in various stages of the cell cycle This diagram shows cell in various stages of the cell cycle. Which stage will occur immediately after interphase? 1 2 3 4

Fermentation Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Cellular transport Which process releases energy from food by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen? Fermentation Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Cellular transport

Which best describes the cell type and the structures labeled II?        A eukaryotic cell with a nucleus B prokaryotic cell with plasmids C prokaryotic cell with a nucleus D

Which equation is the correct balanced equation for photosynthesis? glucose + O2 → CO2 + water B carbon dioxide + H2O →  C6H12O6 + oxygen C C6H12O6 + carbon dioxide → O2 + water D CO2 + water → glucose + O2

Which describes the difference between aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration?        A Anaerobic respiration is completed in the presence of oxygen, while aerobic is not. B Aerobic respiration is completed in the presence of oxygen, while anaerobic is not. C Aerobic respiration is only found in animals, while anaerobic is never found in animals. D Anaerobic respiration is only found in animals, while aerobic is never found in animals.

Why is interphase the longest stage of the cell cycle? the nucleus takes numerous days to divide B gametes are produced over a long period of time C the cytoplasm and cell membrane separate after telophase D the cell grows, metabolizes, and synthesizes more genetic material

This is a female with a chromosomal disorder. This is a normal male. B This is a normal female. C This is a female with a chromosomal disorder. D This is a male with a chromosomal disorder.

How do cells in the human body release energy stored in an adenosine triphosphate molecule (ATP)?     A by releasing adenosine in ATP B by trapping ATP from carbohydrates C by breaking a phosphate bond in ATP D by combining ATP molecules in chlorophyll A by releasing adenosine in ATP B by trapping ATP from carbohydrates C by breaking a phosphate bond in ATP D by combining ATP molecules in chlorophyll

Which gas bubbles are being collected? Nitrogen Carbon dioxide Oxygen Water vapor

Place in order Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Which process produces more energy than it consumes?   A aerobic respiration B anaerobic respiration C alcoholic fermentation D lactic acid fermentation

Which phase occurs right after prophase?

Fermentation Respiration Photosynthesis Animals Plants What happens between 1 & 3? What happens between 3 & 1? What organism is capable of all processes shown? Photosynthesis Respiration Plants

A strawberry plant has the ability to reproduce asexually by growing stems called runners, which are roots that form a new plant. Which is an accurate description of how the new plant forms?     A Parent cells divide by meiosis to produce the offspring. B Parent cells divide by mitosis to produce the offspring. C Cells in the new plant will have a different genetic makeup than the parent. D Cells in the new plant will have half the chromosome number as the parent.

gap 1 gap 2 mitosis synthesis In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?     A gap 1 B gap 2 C mitosis D synthesis

Which is true in both mitosis and meiosis? production of haploid cells B division of two cells into four C DNA replication happens first D formation of genetically identical cells

Which type of mutation is most likely involved? inversion substitution During the process of meiosis, two sister chromatids for chromosome #3 do not separate. Which type of mutation is most likely involved?     A inversion B substitution C crossing-over D nondisjunction

What is the phenotype of the individual with chromosomes shown above? This is a normal male. B This is a normal female. C This is a female with Trisomy 21, Down's Syndrome. D This is a male with Trisomy 21, Down's Syndrome.

What is most likely to occur if a chemical induces a mutation in a gene that codes for a cell wall protein in an onion? A The onion skin will produce fewer seeds. B The onion will no longer taste good. C The onion cells will glow in the dark. D The onion cells will become an odd shape as they grow.