List the materials you think have carbon in them. Super Carbon C List the materials you think have carbon in them.

Basic Facts for Carbon

C Super Carbon How many valence electrons does carbon have? How can carbon make so many compounds?

C Super Carbon How many valence electrons does carbon have? 4 How can carbon make so many compounds? It can combine in many patterns with four atoms.

C What makes carbon super? It has 4 valence electrons Can bond with 4 atoms Can combine with atoms in many ways

Carbon connects in different ways

Diamonds and Graphite

Nanotubes

Organic Compounds Read page 72 Look for main characteristics of an organic compound.

Organic Compounds Make up 90 % of all compounds Covalent compounds containing carbon They always have carbon plus a few other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Carbon Dioxide O C O At room temperature it is a dense gas O C O

Used by plants for photosynthesis

Pop Found in carbonated drinks

Used in fire extinguishers

Carbon forms other compounds Read page 73. C C C C C

Hydrocarbons – Compounds made out of carbon and hyrdogen

Hydrocarbons CH4 Methane C2H6 Ethane C3H8 Propane Butane Pentane Hexane Heptane Octane

Combustion When hydrocarbons burn they make carbon dioxide and water CH4+ 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

Other elements can connect to a hydrocarbon to make another kind of compound

WELCOME TO POLYMER PLANET

monomers Polymer The word, polymer, implies that polymers are constructed from pieces (monomers) that can be easily connected into long chains (polymer). When you look at the above shapes, your mind should see that they could easily fit together.

POLYMERS ARE EVERYWHERE

Cotton: a natural polymer What is its building block (monomer)?

Cotton fiber is mostly cellulose, and cellulose is made of chains of the sugar, glucose linked together a certain way.

There are man-made polymers

Nylon is used in clothes, shoes, jackets, belts, and accessories Nylon is used in clothes, shoes, jackets, belts, and accessories. It’s not surprising a magazine is named after this polymer. Where did nylon get its name? Magazine named Nylong Nylon was discovered in 1935. The name nylon is derived from two cities where it was discovered namely New York (NY) and London (LON).

Polymer Many + Parts PLASTICS

A polymer made form just one monomer is polyethylene A polymer made form just one monomer is polyethylene. It is the most common plastic you see. It is used for bottles, buckets, jugs, containers, toys, even synthetic lumber, and many other things.

There are two types of polyethylene polymers (plastics) There are two types of polyethylene polymers (plastics). One is when the polyethylene exists as long straight chains. The picture here shows the chains of one carbon with two hydrogen atoms repeating. The chain can be as long as 20,000 carbons to 35,000 carbons. This is called high density polyethylene (HDPE).

When the chains get up to 500,000 carbons long, they are tough enough for synthetic ice, replacement joints, and bullet-proof vests. In less than a second, these long straight chains of carbon and hydrogen are strong enough to stop a bullet or to handle a hockey puck flying across the room.

We've mentioned high density polyethylene (HDPE); you probably were thinking, there must be low density polyethylene (LDPE). You are correct. It is made by causing the long chains of ethylene to branch. That way they cannot lie next each other, which reduces the density and strength of the polyethylene. This makes the plastic lighter and more flexible.

Low density polyethylene is used to make plastic bags, plastic wrap, and squeeze bottles, plus many other things.

By controlling the length and the branching, you can control the final hardness or flexibility of the polymer plus qualities like resistance to solvents, acids, or heat.

Plastics are inert and won't react with what is stored in them Plastics are inert and won't react with what is stored in them. They are durable and won't easily decay, dissolve, or break apart. These are great qualities, but when you throw them away, they won't decompose.

Since they don’t decompose, the answer is to recycle the plastics so they can be remade into something else. Here we see a bunch of CDs getting recycled.

The decks, fence, stepping stones, house shingles, and the sweat shirt, were all made from recycled plastic.

The mile long boardwalk at Yellowstone National Park was made from recycled plastic.

Recycle or we will have a polymer planet.

Determine How the Fortune Teller Fish Works What is polymer? Investigate and record movement of the fortune teller fish. What did you do and what were the results? For example: on the palm of my hand it… on the back of my hand it… on the table it … Provide your explanation of how it works

Other elements can connect to a hydrocarbon to make another kind of compound Read pages 74-76 Fill out chart on next slide.

Compounds of Life Compound Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Definition Function/ Use Examples

Types of Carbohydrates

Types of Carbohydrates

Types of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are an important food source But they are too big for our bodies to use. They need to be broken down into smaller pieces .

A closer look at how nutrients get into the bloodstream Food is absorbed (taken in) to the body in the small intestine. The wall of the small intestine has small holes in it. Only small particles can pass through it: INSIDE THE BODY (BLOOD) GUT starch starch starch G G Large particles can be broken down into small particles. This is called DIGESTION G G G G starch

Starch Investigation Iodine is the test for starch. If starch is present, iodine turns blue/black.

Starch Investigation Lab Title Purpose Procedure Data Table

Starch Investigation Data Table 1

Starch Investigation Read Investigating Starch Part One page 10 Read Investigating Starch Instructions page 11 Complete Data Table and Questions page 12 If time allows, read The Dog Ate My Homework and complete True/False statement worksheet