World War I

Prelude to War Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Alliances Weakened Ottoman empire

Assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed by members of the Black Hand

Ultimatum Austria gave Serbia an ultimatum to punish all people involved, let Austria help in the investigation, and end all anti-Austria agitation Serbia only partially agreed

From a small to a big war Germany offered a blank check to Austria if they go to war Austria and Germany go to war Serbia asked Russia for help who asked France

Schlieffen Plan To fight a two-front war Germany decided to attack France quickly and go through Belgium Britain close friends with Belgium declared war on Germany Central Powers: Germany, Austria, Ottoman Empire Allied Powers: Russia, France, Britain, Serbia

The Great War Largest Conflict in history to that time French had 8.5 million, British 9 million, Russian 12 million, Germans 11 million 1 out of 4 people died

Trench Warfare Germans and French reach a stalemate Each side digs trenches

In the Trenches 8-16 feet deep Thousands of Miles of Trenches Problems Trench Foot Food No way to attack Poison Gas No Man’s Land

New Weapons Planes Zeppelins (blimps) U Boats (submarines) Machine Gun

Global Conflict Russians lacked weapons, sometimes troops would not even have guns to fight with Italy joined up with France and Britain Revolts in the Ottoman Empire Japan started taking over German outpost in China

Propaganda

Problems with the Allies Britain near bankruptcy and starts sending 15 year olds to the front line French troops starts to mutiny Russian troops turn around to start a revolution and to kill the czar Russia pulls out of the war

Uboats Germans start bombing all cargo ships near Britain Germans sunk the American ship the Lusitanian The Lusitanian was secretly carrying weapons Germany later agreed that the submarines would surface and give a warning before sinking ships

Zimmermann note US was indecisive on which side of the war to join Britain discovered a note from Germany to Mexico claiming that if Mexico attacks the U.S., Germany will help Mexico take back the territories they lost to America.

America Enters the War America entered the war and quickly pushed back the tired Germans With Germany losing, the German people overthrew the government and surrendered

Paris Peace Conference President Woodrow Wilson 14 Points Peace Not to harsh on losing sides League of Nations The other countries would not accept his 14 points; he ended up having a stroke trying to talk people into his peace plan

Treaty of Versailles Reparations League of Nations Germany has to pay for the war and rebuild Europe ($30 billion) League of Nations Germany had to get rid of their military and lose all colonies

Treaty of Versailles Ottoman Empire lost all their colonies and was split into several countries Austria-Hungary Empire was split into several countries Italy did not get new land Japan had to give back their land to China and other countries