World War One Ch. 13

THE STAGE IS SET Arms Race Nationalism Imperialism Alliance System Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Europe 1914 Arms Race Nationalism Imperialism Alliance System Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

WAR CONSUMES EUROPE The Schlieffen Plan The Fronts: Western and Eastern Russia

NEW WEAPONS OF WAR Machine gun: RAPID FIRE, STOPPED SOLDIERS FROM ADVANCING AIRPLANES: SCOUTING, PHOTOS OF ENEMY, DROPPIN’ BOMBS, SHOOTING OTHER PLANES (DOGFIGHTS) SUBMARINES: GERMAN U-BOATS SUNK MERCHANT VESSELS, USE OF BLOCKADES TO KEEP FOOD & OTHER SUPPLIES AWAY TANKS: NOT VERY EFFECTIVE! POISON GAS: DEADLY FROM WINDS, KILLED OWN TROOPS; GAS MASKS

Battlefields the marne tannenberg the somme

Gallipoli Stalemate on Western Front Allies wanted to control supply lines to Russia Ottoman Empire (now Turkey) on side of Central Powers Australia/New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) led the campaign at Gallipoli Various landings at beaches- ANZAC and British troops unable to take control of Turkish-held land Geography very difficult; trenches built under constant fire 205,000 Allied casualties 250,000 Turkish casualties

WAR AFFECTS THE WORLD Germany lost colonial possessions Using colonial subjects Sinking of the Lusitania on May 7, 1915 The Zimmerman Note The U.S. enters the war War and the Homefront: rationing, propaganda, and the role of women Russia withdraws in 1917

U.S. ends isolation & declares War: April 2, 1917 Zimmerman Note: Germany gives back Tex, NM, AZ if Mexico sides w/ Ger British intercepted telegram from German foreign secretary

ARMISTICE DAY: 11 a.m. NOVEMBER 11, 1918

THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES 1919 The Goals (what they wanted) France: Never get attacked by Ger. again Rebuild national economy Gain back territory Britain: Germany pays for war (reparations) Control the seas; remain global power United States: System of world security New nations based on will of people Germany: Fair peace settlement Not lose lots of land Keep national self respect

TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES– WHAT THEY GOT France: Reparations from Ger Land rich in nat. resources Britain: Control of Ger colonies Control of German boats United States: League of Nations New nations: Austria, Hungary, Poland Germany: Lost 10% of land & colonies Accept responsibility for war Pay $5 Billion in reparations Military disbanded

Europe 1919 New Countries: Finland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Austria Hungary Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Turkey