Y10 30 minutes of revision: Causes of World War One

Death of Franz Ferdinand Arms Race Alliances Military Planning 2nd Moroccan Crisis 1st Moroccan Crisis 2 Balkan Wars Bosnian Crisis Death of Franz Ferdinand

Why it happened How it happened What were the outcomes?

ALLIANCES Why it happened How it happened What were the outcomes? Countries in Europe were worried about each other. Germany and France were particularly opposed; so were Britain and Germany Alliances were supposed to make war between rivals impossible. Two large armed camps in Europe. Although they were supposed to prevent war, in reality it just meant that war became more likely and would involve multiple countries. 1882 Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) formed. 1904 Entente Cordiale signed as friendly agreement between France and Britain. 1907 Anglo-Russian Agreement signed. This and the Entente Cordiale were called Triple Alliance

NAVAL RACE Why it happened How it happened What were the outcomes? Britain formed the “Two-Power Standard” for the navy. In 1906 the Dreadnought was invented. Then the Super-Dreadnought in 1911 Britain and Germany competed to make the most dreadnoughts. The British public supported this. Britain was proud of large navy. 1898 and 1900 Germany passed Naval Laws to make navy larger. Britain saw this as a threat. They needed naval power for their empire. Both countries spent a huge amount of money on the new ships. Having more ships made war more likely. The ships were important in the Moroccan Crisis.

MILITARY PLANNING Why it happened How it happened What were the outcomes? Germany made the Schlieffen Plan. Britain created the British Expeditionary Force. France wrote Plan 17. Austria-Hungary made the largest artillery in Europe at their Skoda factories. Russia armed a huge army. Many countries in Europe distrusted each other. It only seemed like a matter of time until war broke out. Each country needed a plan to help their partners in the alliances. Each country was ready for war, so war was more likely. More than 10 million soldiers were armed across the various countries of Europe. Newspapers and films promoted patriotic ideas of the glory of fighting a war.

1st MOROCCAN CRISIS - Tangiers Why it happened How it happened What were the outcomes? 1905 Kaiser Wilhelm II travelled to Tangiers in Morocco. He paraded through Tangiers and announced that he wanted to guarantee Moroccan independence. This would block French plans. A conference was held at Algeciras in Spain in 1906 to sort out the issue. Kaiser wanted his “place in the sun”. Germany and France both wanted influence in Morocco. Morocco was guaranteed as independent. France was given control of the Moroccan police with Spain. Britain and Russia supported France. France and Britain held talks to begin joint military planning.

2nd MOROCCAN CRISIS - Agadir Why it happened How it happened What were the outcomes? France sent soldiers to protect their interests. Germany sent the Panther to protect their interests and stop France taking over. Britain saw this as a threat. They began to put their naval base at Gibraltar on a war footing. They announced support of France. Germany had to back down. They were given 100,000 square miles of useless swamp in the Congo as compensation. Britain and France had pulled together – they knew their alliance was solid. Britain and France were more suspicious of Germany. 1911 a rebellion broke out in Morocco. The Sultan asked for French help. The Germans were still annoyed over their failure in the 1st Moroccan Crisis and jealous of French influence in the area.