Past/Future Perfect Tense

You are invited to join us for an Easter Brunch this Sunday morning at 9:00 am here at the church in the Upper Fellowship Hall. You are also invited to stay and attend our church worship service at 10:30 am.  

Verb Tenses There are 12 verb tenses in English Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous Present Simple Present Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Simple Past Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Future Simple Future Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous

Forming the Perfect Tenses Past Subject + “had” + past participle form (See Perfect English Grammar Chart) I had studied. She had studied. You had studied. Future Subject + will have + past participle form I will have studied. They will have studied.

Perfect Tense Usage The Past and Future Perfect tenses are used to relate a completed activity, event, or state to another, later, activity, event, or state; often related by: Providing a time order Providing an explanation for the second event Note: “another activity, event, or state” could be a specific time (at 6:00 pm, yesterday, tomorrow, next month, etc.) Ex: I had read the book by 6:00 o’clock that evening. Ex: I will have read the book by tomorrow. Or some event or activity (the doorbell rings, a salesmen calls, taking a test, getting sick, graduating from school, moving, meeting someone, etc.) Ex: Susan had read the book, so she understood the movie.

Perfect Tense Usage The tense is determined by the time frame of the “another, later, activity, event, or state ( ) – not the completed activity; if the point in time or event/activity is In the past -> past perfect Ex: I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. Yet to come -> future perfect Ex: I will have left for work by 10:00 o’clock tonight.

Perfect Tense Usage Use 1a: The Past and Future Perfect tenses are used to relate a completed activity, event, or state to another, later, activity, event, or state; often related by: Providing a time order When we arrived, the film had started. When we arrive, the film will have started. (= first the film started, then we arrived). When we arrived, the film started. When we arrive, the film will start. (= first we arrived, then the film started). If it's clear which action happened first (if we use the words 'before' or 'after', for example), the past/future perfect is optional. The film started before we arrived. The film had started before we arrived.

Perfect Tense Usage Use 1b: The Past and Future Perfect tenses are used to relate a completed activity, event, or state to another, later, activity, event, or state; often related by: Providing an explanation for the second event I had eaten dinner so I wasn't hungry. I will have eaten dinner so I will not be hungry. Tony knew New York so well because he had visited the city several times. Tony will know New York well because he will have visited the city several times. It had snowed in the night, so the bus didn't arrive. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.

Perfect Tense Usage Use 2: The Past and Future Perfect tenses are used to define a duration up to another, later, activity, event, or state Indicates “how long” the first activity or state lasted before the later activity or event When he graduated, he had been in London for six years. (= He arrived in London six years before he graduated and lived there until he graduated, or even longer.) When he graduates, he will have been in London for six years. (= He arrived (or will arrive) in London six years before he graduates and will live there until he graduates, or even longer.) On the 20th of July, I had worked here for three months. On the 20th of July, I will have worked here for three months.

Acts 2:22-32 22"People of Israel, listen! God publicly endorsed Jesus of Nazareth by doing wonderful miracles, wonders, and signs through him, as you well know. 23 But you followed God's prearranged plan. With the help of lawless Gentiles, you nailed him to the cross and murdered him. 24 However, God released him from the horrors of death and raised him back to life again, for death could not keep him in its grip.

Acts 2:22-32 25 King David said this about him: 'I know the Lord is always with me. I will not be shaken, for he is right beside me. 26 No wonder my heart is filled with joy, and my mouth shouts his praises! My body rests in hope. 27 For you will not leave my soul among the dead or allow your Holy One to rot in the grave. 28 You have shown me the way of life, and you will give me wonderful joy in your presence.' “

Acts 2:22-32 25 King David said this about him: 'I know the Lord is always with me. I will not be shaken, for he is right beside me. 26 No wonder my heart is filled with joy, and my mouth shouts his praises! My body rests in hope. 27 For you will not leave my soul among the dead or allow your Holy One to rot in the grave. 28 You have shown me the way of life, and you will give me wonderful joy in your presence.' “

Acts 2:22-32 29 "Dear brothers, think about this! David wasn't referring to himself when he spoke these words I have quoted, for he died and was buried, and his tomb is still here among us. 30 But he was a prophet, and he knew God had promised with an oath that one of David's own descendants would sit on David's throne as the Messiah. 31 David was looking into the future and predicting the Messiah's resurrection. He was saying that the Messiah would not be left among the dead and that his body would not rot in the grave." 32 "This prophecy was speaking of Jesus, whom God raised from the dead, and we all are witnesses of this.

Acts 2:22-32 29 "Dear brothers, think about this! David wasn't referring to himself when he spoke these words I have quoted, for he died and was buried, and his tomb is still here among us. 30 But he was a prophet, and he knew God had promised with an oath that one of David's own descendants would sit on David's throne as the Messiah. 31 David was looking into the future and predicting the Messiah's resurrection. He was saying that the Messiah would not be left among the dead and that his body would not rot in the grave." 32 "This prophecy was speaking of Jesus, whom God raised from the dead, and we all are witnesses of this.

Verb Tenses There are 12 verb tenses in English Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous Present Simple Present Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Simple Past Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Future Simple Future Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous

Past Participle Form For regular verbs, the past participle is always the same as the past tense form For irregular verbs, you have to memorize it; but often it is the same as the past tense form (see Tables on Irregular Verbs) Past participle form is used To express the past, present and future perfect tenses I had drawn several pictures before I entered the contest. I have drawn several pictures since I entered the contest. I will have drawn several hundred pictures by the time I reach seventy years old. To form the passive voice (past, present, and future) in combination with the helping verb “to be” The restored WWII airplane will not be returned the museum this month. The stars were created by God to show His glory. As an adjective The amazed boy was overjoyed by what he saw.

Forming the Perfect Tenses Basic Form: Subject + form of “have” + past participle form (See Perfect English Grammar Chart) Future Perfect Positive subject + will have + past participle form I will have studied. They will have studied. Negative subject + will + not + have + past participle form You won’t have studied. She won’t have studied. Question (question word +) will + subject + have + past participle form? What will you have studied? Will she have studied?

Perfect Tense Usage The Past and Future Perfect tenses are used to relate a completed activity, event, or state to another, later, activity, event, or state; often related by: Providing a time order Providing an explanation for the second event Note: “another activity, event, or state” could be a specific time (at 6:00 pm, yesterday, tomorrow, next month, etc.) Ex: I had read the book by 6:00 o’clock that evening. Ex: I will have read the book by tomorrow. Or some event or activity (the doorbell rings, a salesmen calls, taking a test, getting sick, graduating from school, moving, meeting someone, etc.) Ex: Susan had read the book, so she understood the movie.

Perfect Tense Usage The tense is determined by the time frame of the “another, later, activity, event, or state ( ) – not the completed activity; if the point in time or event/activity is In the past -> past perfect Ex: I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. Yet to come -> future perfect Ex: I will have left for work by 10:00 o’clock tonight.

Perfect Tense Usage Use 1a: The Past and Future Perfect tenses are used to relate a completed activity, event, or state to another, later, activity, event, or state; often related by: Providing a time order When we arrived, the film had started. When we arrive, the film will have started. (= first the film started, then we arrived). When we arrived, the film started. When we arrive, the film will start. (= first we arrived, then the film started). If it's clear which action happened first (if we use the words 'before' or 'after', for example), the past/future perfect is optional. The film started before we arrived. The film had started before we arrived.

Perfect Tense Usage Use 1b: The Past and Future Perfect tenses are used to relate a completed activity, event, or state to another, later, activity, event, or state; often related by: Providing an explanation for the second event I had eaten dinner so I wasn't hungry. I will have eaten dinner so I will not be hungry. Tony knew New York so well because he had visited the city several times. Tony will know New York well because he will have visited the city several times. It had snowed in the night, so the bus didn't arrive. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.

Perfect Tense Usage Use 2: The Past and Future Perfect tenses are used to define a duration up to another, later, activity, event, or state Indicates “how long” the first activity or state lasted before the later activity or event When he graduated, he had been in London for six years. (= He arrived in London six years before he graduated and lived there until he graduated, or even longer.) When he graduates, he will have been in London for six years. (= He arrived (or will arrive) in London six years before he graduates and will live there until he graduates, or even longer.) On the 20th of July, I had worked here for three months. On the 20th of July, I will have worked here for three months.