BELLWORK 8/31 Explain the causes & effects of the Israelites move to Egypt. Who were the Chaldeans? Describe the strengths of the Persians. Define tyrant. Define oligarchy. THINKER: What is a democracy? (HINT: The U.S. government is a democracy)

Middle Eastern Empires The Israelites gave the world their language, law, and religious beliefs, but they lacked the military power of their neighbors. Eventually, four warlike empires with strong armies came to rule over the Fertile Crescent. Why do you think so many civilizations fought to control the Fertile Crescent? Hittites Assyrians Chaldeans Persians

Hittite Empire – 2000BC

Assyrian Empire – 650BC

Chaldean Empire – 612 BC

Persian Empire – 539 BC

Ancient Greece The Greeks took over the Mediterranean region and contributed greatly to the way we live today. Ancient Greece included the southern part of Europe’s Balkan Peninsula and islands in the Aegean Sea. Greece’s mountain ranges protected against invaders but also limited communication. Greece is surrounded by sea, which encouraged the Greeks to become traders, and expand their empire.

Greek Civilization Originated in Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations between 3000BC to 1000BC. Early on, they developed legends of gods and heroes. Main themes throughout Greek civilization: bravery, honor, dignity, and the love of beauty. In religion, the Greeks worshiped gods and goddesses Temple built for Apollo (God of music, prophecy, archery & medicine) – 4th Century B.C.

The Polis Polis, or city-state, emerged as the political unit of Greek civilization. A Polis included a city and surrounding villages and fields. Citizens within a polis government could vote, hold public office, own property, and speak for themselves in court. In return, they were expected to defend the polis in time of war. Greek women had no political or legal rights.

Greek Government By the 700s BC, Kings were losing their powers and being challenged by lower classes. As unrest increased, tyrannies arose in the city-states. (Tyrant: one man who seized power and ruled the polis on his own) Tyrants ruled until 500BC until city-states became either: Oligarchy: rule by a few wealthy people Democracy: government and rule by the citizens

BELLWORK 9/1 How did Greece’s geography impact their civilization? List two ways! Who was Athena? What is a polis? THINKER: What makes Greek civilization different than other ancient civilizations?

The Persian Wars Persia and Greece were enemies that fought for control of trade/travel routes. Between 490-480B.C., the rivals go to war three times. 7,000 Greeks (Spartans/Athenians) vs. 100,000 Persians This will be our focus next week, so stay tuned……

The Peloponnesian War War between Sparta and Athens that lasted from 431BC to 404BC. Sparta allied with the Persians A plague struck Athens and killed 1/3 of their population Persian-financed Spartan navy destroyed Athens fleet. Athenians surrendered

Engineering an Empire Citizens of ancient Greece constructed many temples, statues, and buildings, but how did they do it? In this video, you are going to learn about the history of the Greek city-states and the construction of these magnificent structures! As you watch the video, answer the 15 questions on the worksheet. Be ready to discuss!