Athens Vs. Sparta

Athens City-State in Ancient Greece Cultural Center of the world in the 5th century B.C.E. Reflected in values Individuality Beauty Freedom Philosophy Athens

Gained position of power in Greece by leading the defeat of the Persians Phalanx formation Used new fame and power to build up the strongest navy in Greece and dominate the waters Navy built with money from the Delian League,; new Greek defense alliance created after the Persian Wars, Athens served as treasurer and head of the league Athenian Military

Athenian Education Boys Ages 7 to 14-18 Private schools but affordable enough even for poorer families Studied grammar, music, gymnastics Grammar included reading, writing, math, science, and memorization of Iliad and Odyssey Educated to think and act freely Strict discipline- beatings for careless mistakes Ages 18-20, military training Athenian Education

Athenian Education Girls Not expected to get an education Not taught to read or write Given a domestic education Manage household Weave Prepare food Raise children Preparation for motherhood and marriage Seen and treated as inferiors Athenian Education

Athenian Social Classes Free adult males Citizens Roughly 40.000-45,,0000 (16-18%) Foreign Men Women Treated as legal, intellectual, and emotional inferiors to men Slaves Athenian Social Classes

Athenian Government Limited Direct Democracy Assembly made up of all citizens (limited to free adult males) Directly voted on proposals (no appeals, majority wins) Council of 500 (Executive part of Assembly) Members chosen by lot (at random); must be 30 years old Each citizen limited to two one-year terms during lifetime Board of Generals 10 generals chosen by Assembly and removed by Assembly Served one year terms but could be re-elected any number of times Athenian Government

Assembly held Ostracisms to protect the polis from dangerous individuals Citizens wrote names down of anyone who they believed was dangerous to the state Anyone receiving 6000 or more votes was exiled for 10 years Not dishonored Did not lose his property this often happened to individuals who became so powerful that they represented a threat to the independence of Athens. Ostracism

The Spartans

Militaristic, warrior society Reflected values in Duty Strength Discipline Sparta came before the individual Spartan values http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/sparta/videos/spartans

Spartan Military Center of society Strongest military in Greece Training began at age 7 Men served in active duty until the age of 31 Soldiers remained in military reserves until age 60 Spartan Military

Spartan Education Boys Taken from home at age 7 to begin public education Primary purpose was to become a good soldier Raised in military barracks Coarse diet Hard exercise and drilling Rigid discipline Had to pass rigorous physical tests Spartan Education

Spartan Education Girls Education began at age 7 More educational opportunities than any other Greek women (most non-Spartan women were illiterate) Emphasis on physical fitness Running and wrestling Produce strong babies (future soldiers ) Women were held with high regard Trained to manage estates when men were off defending polis (which was the majority of the time) Spartan Education

Spartan Social classes Women Held in higher regard than any other Greek women Opinionated even on political issues Could not vote in the Assembly, but opinions were listened to by husbands This was considered scandalous by other Greeks “Only Spartan women give birth to real men.” Hierarchy Landowning aristocracy Free non-citizens Helots- peasants bound to the land Slaves Spartan Social classes

Assembly: free adult males who are elected officials and voted on major issues Council of Elders: 28 elders chosen at age 60 to propose laws to be voted on by the Assembly and help govern Polis Ephors: Five officials elected each year to carry out the laws, control education, prosecute court cases, control conduct of the kings, negotiate treaties Oligarchy: Two kings head up the military. Leaders from two royal families, hereditary and life-long position, check each others power and train military Spartan government