Rise of Greek City-States Aim: What was life like in the ancient Greek city-states? Do Now: How did the geography of ancient Greece create a suitable region for civilization? Take out homework - Athens Sparta Chart

Polis Powerful men made decisions for cities Each community revolved around one city Polis – Greek word for city-state

Polis Built around acropolis – large hill where people could seek shelter and safety Agora – clearing that was market and meeting place Polis looked similar but each had different government

Polis Citizens in ancient Greece could only be men Women and slaves had few rights Slaves were usually conquered neighbors

Greek life and culture Aim: Explain Greek life and culture. Do Now: What do You think is a central aspect to ancient Greek life?

Shared Culture Days set apart to honor gods and goddesses Most powerful gods live on Mount Olympus Mountain in Northern Greece Temples Parthenon in Athens

Special Festivals Polis honor at least one god as its protector Athens – honor Athena Festival – worship gods at sunrise and make sacrifices Worship Zeus Athletic competitions Earliest Olympics

Beyond Greece Colonies – a territory under the control of another civilization Greek colonies are trading partners with each other

Homer Ancient Greek poet (c. 800-700 B.C.) Epic poems about wars between Greek city-states and Troy Iliad and Odyssey

Athens Pericles – statesman – “Athens is ruled by the many, not the few” - democracy Republic – a government where the people rule by electing representatives to make laws and decisions Assembly – lawmaking body of a government Voted on issues Jury – a group of citizens chosen to hear evidence and make decisions in a court of law

GREECE Aim: Explain the importance of philosophy, Socrates, and Plato. Do Now: What is philosophy?

Philosophy Philosophy – the search for wisdom and the right way to live Socrates – famous teacher and philosopher Put to death for inciting a revolt “The unexamined life is not worth living” Plato – Socrates’ student and philosopher

The peloponnesian war Aim: How did the Peloponnesian War affect ancient Greece? Do Now: Why might Athens and Sparta have disliked one another in ancient times?

Athens and Sparta Athens – democracy and focus on learning Sparta – oligarchy and focus on military Both of these city-states gain allies over time and become the 2 strongest city-states

War and Conflict Pericles (leader of Athens) refuses to back down to Sparta War begins when Thebes attacks Plataea Peloponnesian Wars – conflict in 431 B.C. Athens and allies vs. Sparta and allies

War and Conflict Sparta – Strongest army Athens – strongest navy Pericles orders all Athenians inside city walls Plague develops and 1 in 3 die (including Pericles)

Battles Athens navy wins key battles at sea Battle at Syracuse, Sicily Spartans win Battle at Aegospotami

End of the War Sparta surrounds city of Athens Blocks off food from entering city Athens surrenders Control of Greece went back and forth between cities for next 50 years Greek power decreased as a result of the war Thucydides Historian who Writes about the war