The Nervous System Chapter 10
Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Nervous System
Divisions of Nervous System Central nervous system – includes brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous system – includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of peripheral spinal nerves (continues)
Divisions of Nervous System © Cengage Learning
The Neurons Basic cells of nervous system Carry nerve impulses throughout body Afferent neurons Connecting neurons Efferent neurons (continues)
The Neurons © Cengage Learning
Brain Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Coordinates all activities of the body by receiving and transmitting messages throughout the body Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) encephal/o
Major Parts of the Brain Cerebrum Thalamus Hypothalamus Cerebellum Brainstem (continues)
Major Parts of the Brain © Cengage Learning
Cerebrum Cerebrum – largest and uppermost portion of brain divided into right and left hemispheres hemispheres subdivided to create pairs of cerebral lobes
Cerebral Hemispheres © Cengage Learning
Cerebral Lobes Cerebral lobes frontal lobe: controls skilled motor functions, memory, behavior pariental lobe: receives and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors in tongue, skin, muscles occipital lobe: controls eyesight temporal lobe: controls hearing and smell, and ability to create, store, and access new information
Cerebral Lobes © Cengage Learning
Spinal Cord Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Transmits nerve impulses between the brain, limbs, and lower part of the body Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) myel/o Note: Myel/o also means bone marrow.
Nerves Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Receive and transmit messages to and from all parts of the body Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) neur/i, neur/o
Cranial Nerves © Cengage Learning
Peripheral Spinal Nerves © Cengage Learning © Cengage Learning
Autonomic Nerves System © Cengage Learning
Sensory Organs and Receptors Primary Functions Receive external stimulation and transmit these stimuli to the sensory neurons Eyes (sight) Ears (hearing) Nose (smell) Skin (touch) Tongue (taste)
Key Word Parts and Definitions caus/o burning, burn cerebr/o cerebrum, brain concuss/o shaken together, violently agitated contus/o bruise (continues)
Key Word Parts and Definitions encephal/o brain -esthesia sensation, feeling esthet/o feeling, nervous sensation, sense of perception -graphy the process of producing a picture or record (continues)
Key Word Parts and Definitions mening/o membranes, meninges myel/o spinal cord, bone marrow neur/i, neur/o nerve, nerve tissue phobia abnormal fear (continues)
Key Word Parts and Definitions psych/o mind radicul/o root or nerve root tropic having an affinity for
Questions
Question The most sensitive cluster of nerves is at the front of the brain. True or False?
Question The human brain is 80%–85% water. True or False?
Question How much of the oxygen used by the human body is utilized by the brain? over 10% over 25% over 50%
Question The human body transmits nerve impulses at about 300 feet a second. True or False?