Participatory Decentralised Planning Annual Planning & Review Meeting 5 April, 2017

Learning Objectives What is decentralised planning? What are the steps in decentralised planning vis- à-vis tools? What are the issues, challenges and non- negotiable process of decentralised planning?

Concept of Decentralised Planning

Definition Active participation of all members of a community in a development plan Process through which stakeholders influence and share control over Priority setting, Policy making, Resource allocations, and Access to public good and services People are involved in economic, social, cultural and political process that influence their lives (UNDP)

History Preamble of the Constitution of India talks about participation “We the people……….” Article 40 of the Constitution – Village Panchayats as units of self-government One of the major thrust of the first Five Year Plan was on ‘Public opinion and public cooperation as principal force and sanction behind planning’

Planning in India Led by Planning Commission (till 2014) Plan Duration 1st Five Year Plan 1951 – 1956 7th Five Year Plan 1985 – 1990 2nd Five Year Plan 1956 – 1961 Annual Plan 1990 – 1992 3rd Five Year Plan 1961 – 1966 8th Five Year Plan 1992 – 1997 Annual Plan (Plan Holiday) 1966 – 1969 9th Five Year Plan 1997 – 2002 4th Five Year Plan 1969 – 1974 10th Five Year Plan 2002 – 2007 5th Five Year Plan 1974 – 1979 11th Five Year Plan 2007 – 2012 Rolling Plan 1978 – 1980 12th Five Year Plan 2012 – 2017 6th Five Year Plan 1980 – 1985 What Next ?????

Top – Down Approach of Planning Planning Commission of India (Chaired by PM, supported by VC and members) State Planning Board/ Commission (Chaired by CM, supported by VC and members) District (More focus of Rural Development) (Chaired by DC supported by line department)

73rd and 74th CAAs Constitutional framework for democratic local self-governance (Panchayati Raj Institutions/ Urban Local Bodies) after 1993 Institutions of Local Self Governance are responsible for Developing Plan for Local Development and ensuring Economic Development with Social Justice 29 Subjects for PRIs and 18 Subjects for ULBs

Structure of Local Governments 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 (Part IX – Article 243 A to O) – 3 tier Panchayati Raj Institutions for rural areas Zila Panchayat (District) Intermediary Panchayat (Block/ Mandal/ Talluk) Gram Panchayat (Village/ Cluster of Villages) 74th CAA of 1992 (Part IXA – Article 243 P to 243 ZG) – 3 types of ULBs Municipal Corporations Municipal Councils Nagar Panchayats

Constitutional Framework for Decentralised Planning Article 243 G (PRIs) State shall endow the Panchayats (necessary powers and authority) so that they can function as institutions of self-government Make Provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Panchayats at the appropriate level, with respect to— (a) the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice; (b) the implementation of schemes for economic development and social justice as may be entrusted to them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Eleventh Schedule

Constitutional Framework for Decentralised Planning Article 243 W (ULBs) State shall endow the Panchayats (necessary powers and authority) so that they can function as institutions of self-government Make Provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Panchayats at the appropriate level, with respect to— (i) the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice; (ii) the performance of functions and the implementation of schemes as may be entrusted to them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule;

Eleventh Schedule 1. Agriculture, including agricultural extension. 2. Land improvement, implementation of land reforms, land consolidation and soil conservation. 3. Minor irrigation, water management and watershed development. 4. Animal husbandry, dairying and poultry. 5. Fisheries. 6. Social forestry and farm forestry. 7. Minor forest produce. 8. Small scale industries, including food processing industries. 9. Khadi, village and cottage industries. 10. Rural housing. 11. Drinking water

Eleventh Schedule 12. Fuel and fodder. 13. Roads, culverts, bridges, ferries, waterways and other means of communication. 14. Rural electrification, including distribution of electricity. 15. Non-conventional energy sources. 16. Poverty alleviation programme. 17. Education, including primary and secondary schools. 18. Technical training and vocational education. 19. Adult and non-formal education. 20. Libraries. 21. Cultural activities.

Eleventh Schedule 22. Markets and fairs. 23. Health and sanitation, including hospitals, primary health centres and dispensaries. 24. Family welfare. 25. Women and child development. 26. Social welfare, including welfare of the handicapped and mentally retarded. 27. Welfare of the weaker sections, and in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes. 28. Public distribution system. 29. Maintenance of community assets.

Twelfth Schedule 1. Urban planning including town planning. 2. Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings. 3. Planning for economic and social development. 4. Roads and bridges. 5. Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes. 6. Public health, sanitation conservancy and solid waste management. 7. Fire services. 8. Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of ecological aspects. 9. Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the handicapped and mentally retarded. 10. Slum improvement and upgradation.

Twelfth Schedule 11. Urban poverty alleviation. 12. Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens, playgrounds. 13. Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects. 14. Burials and burial grounds; cremations, cremation grounds; and electric crematoriums. 15. Cattle pounds; prevention of cruelty to animals. 16. Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths. 17. Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and public conveniences. 18. Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries.

District Planning Committee Article 243 ZD The one and only Constitutional Body that can prepare plan for Local Development There are two distinct roles for the DPCs The District Planning Committee has to Consolidate the plans prepared by the Panchayats and the municipalities in the district prepare a draft development plan for the District

Key Aspects of Decentralised Planning Participation Transparency Effectiveness/ Impact Accountability

GROUP WORK Group 1 & 2 (Microplanning in Panchayat) - You are advised to facilitate the participatory health planning in Lakhanpur gram panchayat. What are the key steps and tool/ methods you will use to do that?   Group 3 & 4 (Microplanning in Municipality)- You are advised to facilitate solid waste management planning for a ward. What are the key steps and tool/ methods you will use to do that?

Participatory Decentralised Planning - Steps and Methods

Environment building District, block, GP, city & ward level planning teams constituted Orientation to decentralised planning facilitated for elected representatives & officials Information dissemination to citizens and civil society

Resource mapping Data-collection about existing resources Identification of key natural & human resources Spatial and physical mapping of resources

Envisioning Collective thinking & collective visioning Enable SWOT analysis based on data available Facilitate creative visuals of future visions

Need Identification Within the broad visions, identify specific needs Focus need identification separately for excluded households and localities Identify unmet & unstated needs

Prioritisation Planning teams priorities a sequence in which needs to be addressed Match these priorities with available resource envelops for different schemes Identify gaps of unmet needs to be fulfilled through respective resources

Finalisation Convene gram sabha, ward sabha, block panchayat and town council meetings Share prioritization & resource matching plans in usable forms and facilitate discussions Revise plans accordingly and secure approvals

Consolidation & Integration of Plans Identify spaces for consolidation Convergence and integrate plans Consolidate into District plan

Implementation & Monitoring of Plans Monitor the implementation Monitor the release and utilization of funds Ensure quality

Tools/ Methods Stakeholder analysis Transect walk, Time line, Relationship matrix, Social mapping Resource mapping, Service mapping Problem analysis, Trend analysis Sector wise planning Large Group discussion Focused Group discussion

Steps in planning process Decentralised Planning Visioning for District Planning Step 1: Deciding where to go Resources for District Planning Step 2: Ascertaining availability of resources Planning and Project Formulation Step 3: Identifying needs Step 4: Prioritizing identified needs Step 5: Linking available resources to needs Consolidation and Integration of District Planning Step 6: Consolidation and integration with plans prepared by local bodies Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation of Plans Step 7: Implementation according to the plan Step 8: Checking whether set goals have been reached